Gardner color scale
Encyclopedia
The Gardner Color Scale is a one-dimensional scale for yellow
Yellow
Yellow is the color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M cone cells of the retina about equally, with no significant stimulation of the S cone cells. Light with a wavelength of 570–590 nm is yellow, as is light with a suitable mixture of red and green...

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Colors of transparent liquids have been studied visually since the early 19th century. Changes in color can indicate contamination or impurities in the raw materials, process variations, or degradation of products over time.

One dimensional scales for yellowness were created, e.g., Gardner Color Scale. The yellowness of the transparent liquid is determined by pouring the sample into a tube and comparing it to a pre determined and known standard. The standard that the sample falls closest to then becomes the value for the liquid. This procedure isn't extremely accurate due to variations of observers, illumination and to some extent the standards themselves.
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