Gardiner's Sign List
Encyclopedia
Gardiner's Sign List is a list of common Egyptian hieroglyphs compiled by Sir Alan Gardiner
. It is considered a standard reference in the study of Ancient Egypt
ian hieroglyphs.
Gardiner lists only the common forms of Egyptian hieroglyphs, but he includes extensive subcategories, and also both vertical and horizontal forms for many hieroglyphs. He includes size-variation forms to aid with the reading of hieroglyphs in running blocks of text. (The Budge
Reference has about 1000 hieroglyphs listed in 50 pages, but with no size varieties.)
Unfortunately he does not cross index signs, once put on the list, other significant uses may be overlooked. One example of this is G16, nbtỉ
, the ideogram for The Two Ladies, goddesses Wadjet
as cobra and Nekhbet
as the white vulture. These are the protecting and patron goddesses of the separate Egyptian kingdoms that joined into Ancient Egypt, who were both then displayed on the uraeus
of Wadjet when the unification occurred and afterward considered jointly to be the protectors of Egypt and the pharaohs. This ideogram is listed only on the bird list as G16, and overlooked on the deity list and the reptile list.
Other subcategories included by Gardiner are abbreviations and personalized forms, and also a complete subset, used on papyrus
, specifically for the Book of the Dead
.
Alan Gardiner
Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner was one of the premier British Egyptologists of the early and mid-20th century...
. It is considered a standard reference in the study of Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh...
ian hieroglyphs.
Gardiner lists only the common forms of Egyptian hieroglyphs, but he includes extensive subcategories, and also both vertical and horizontal forms for many hieroglyphs. He includes size-variation forms to aid with the reading of hieroglyphs in running blocks of text. (The Budge
E. A. Wallis Budge
Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist who worked for the British Museum and published numerous works on the ancient Near East.-Earlier life:...
Reference has about 1000 hieroglyphs listed in 50 pages, but with no size varieties.)
Unfortunately he does not cross index signs, once put on the list, other significant uses may be overlooked. One example of this is G16, nbtỉ
NBTI
Negative bias temperature instability is a key reliability issue in MOSFETs. It is of immediate concern in p-channel MOS devices, since they almost always operate with negative gate-to-source voltage; however, the very same mechanism affects also nMOS transistors when biased in the accumulation...
, the ideogram for The Two Ladies, goddesses Wadjet
Wadjet
In Egyptian mythology, Wadjet, or the Green One , was originally the ancient local goddess of the city of Dep , which became part of the city that the Egyptians named Per-Wadjet, House of...
as cobra and Nekhbet
Nekhbet
In Egyptian mythology, Nekhbet was an early predynastic local goddess who was the patron of the city of Nekheb, her name meaning of Nekheb...
as the white vulture. These are the protecting and patron goddesses of the separate Egyptian kingdoms that joined into Ancient Egypt, who were both then displayed on the uraeus
Uraeus
The Uraeus is the stylized, upright form of an Egyptian spitting cobra , used as a symbol of sovereignty, royalty, deity, and divine authority in ancient Egypt.The Uraeus is a symbol for the goddess Wadjet, who was one of the earliest Egyptian deities and who...
of Wadjet when the unification occurred and afterward considered jointly to be the protectors of Egypt and the pharaohs. This ideogram is listed only on the bird list as G16, and overlooked on the deity list and the reptile list.
Other subcategories included by Gardiner are abbreviations and personalized forms, and also a complete subset, used on papyrus
Papyrus
Papyrus is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt....
, specifically for the Book of the Dead
Book of the Dead
The Book of the Dead is the modern name of an ancient Egyptian funerary text, used from the beginning of the New Kingdom to around 50 BC. The original Egyptian name for the text, transliterated rw nw prt m hrw is translated as "Book of Coming Forth by Day". Another translation would be "Book of...
.
A. Man and his Occupations
Group A consists of 55 symbols and can be subdivided into 30 sitting men, 20 standing men as well as various other lying, standing or falling figuresN. Sky, Earth, Water
See also
- Alan GardinerAlan GardinerSir Alan Henderson Gardiner was one of the premier British Egyptologists of the early and mid-20th century...
- Egyptian biliteral signsEgyptian biliteral signsBiliteral Egyptian hieroglyphs are symbols which represent a specific sequence of two consonants, also two vowels, or combinational of both, in the language...
- Egyptian hieroglyphs
- Egyptian numeralsEgyptian numeralsThe system of Ancient Egyptian numerals was used in Ancient Egypt until the early first millennium AD. It was a decimal system, often rounded off to the higher power, written in hieroglyphs. The hieratic form of numerals stressed an exact finite series notation, ciphered one to one onto the...
- Egyptian triliteral signsEgyptian triliteral signsTriliteral Egyptian hieroglyphs are orthographic symbols which represent a specific sequence of three hieroglyphs in the languageIn the written Egyptian language, three types of hieroglyphs existed: those that represented one consonant , those that represented two, and those that represented...
- List of cuneiform signs
- List of hieroglyphs/german-Gardiner-list-translated
- Sa-sub4 (Luwian hieroglyph)Sa-sub4 (Luwian hieroglyph)Sa4 is the 4th of 7 hieroglyphs for Sa in the Luwian language. They are Sa, Sá, Sà, Sa4, Sa5, Sa6, and Sa7.-Sa4, a glyph similar to Egypt's "sun":N5...
- Transliteration of Ancient EgyptianTransliteration of ancient EgyptianIn the field of Egyptology, transliteration is the process of converting texts written in the Egyptian language to alphabetic symbols representing uniliteral hieroglyphs or their hieratic and demotic counterparts...