Freedom of information legislation (Florida)
Encyclopedia
The open government laws in Florida are the most expansive among the United States. It has proceeded on three tracks:
The statute expansively defines "public record" to include all
With equal breadth, the law defines "agency" as
A "public record" of an agency is subject to a broad legislated public right of inspection:
Furthermore, Sunshine Review
notes that,
The exact number of statutory exemptions to the open records law is hard to assess, but estimates exceed 200. In response to criticisms that Florida's public records law had been undermined by the many exemptions, the Florida Legislature enacted the Open Government Sunset Review Act of 1995. Fla. Stat. § 119.15. This "Sunset" law provides for the periodic repeal of all exemptions, and mandates periodic review of the specific criteria which should be considered when reviewing the exemptions.
Unless the legislative review demonstrates a compelling interest in retaining a particular exemption that has been enacted and the legislature reenacts the exemption, it is repealed automatically.
The 1995 Sunshine Review Act incorporates the provisions of Section 119.15 as the criteria by which legislators should review Sunshine Law exemptions. Fla. Stat. § 286.0111. Under the 1995 Act, an exemption must fit within one of three categories of identifiable public purposes, and must be seen as compelling enough to override the strong presumption of openness articulated in Fla. Stat. § 119.15(2).
Since the Sunshine Review Act, the legislature has exhibited a resolve to streamline exemptions, allowing confidentiality only to the extent necessary to protect important competing values.
Exemptions to the Sunshine Law are not nearly so numerous as exemptions to the public records law. The Sunshine Review Act also applies to the open meeting statute; exemptions to open meeting requirements are reviewed in the same manner as discussed above in reference to open records exemptions. sec. 286.0111, Fla. Stat. (1995).
- Statutory public records↓ (codified at Fla. Stat. secs. 119.01 to 119.15 (1995)),
- Statutory public meetings↓ (the Florida Sunshine Law, codified at Fla. Stat. secs. 286.011 to 286.012 (1991)),
- Judicial access decisional law↓.
Open Records
The Florida Public Records Law states,The statute expansively defines "public record" to include all
With equal breadth, the law defines "agency" as
A "public record" of an agency is subject to a broad legislated public right of inspection:
Furthermore, Sunshine Review
Sunshine Review
Sunshine Review is a nonprofit wiki promoting proactive disclosure of government information online. The organization developed a ten-point transparency checklist to evaluate if government websites proactively and voluntarily disclose information to the public and media.The wiki-based website was...
notes that,
Going back to 1905, before the law was formalized, Florida courts have held that it is not up to the government to determine the use to which a person might put public documents once copies are received. [State ex rel. Davis v. McMillan]
Exemptions
The Florida Supreme Court has held that only statutory exemptions from the inspections provision of Chapter 119 may be recognized, Wait v. Florida Power & Light; although courts must give effect to competing constitutional rights where inspection would otherwise compromise them. Florida Freedom Newspapers v. McCrary.The exact number of statutory exemptions to the open records law is hard to assess, but estimates exceed 200. In response to criticisms that Florida's public records law had been undermined by the many exemptions, the Florida Legislature enacted the Open Government Sunset Review Act of 1995. Fla. Stat. § 119.15. This "Sunset" law provides for the periodic repeal of all exemptions, and mandates periodic review of the specific criteria which should be considered when reviewing the exemptions.
Unless the legislative review demonstrates a compelling interest in retaining a particular exemption that has been enacted and the legislature reenacts the exemption, it is repealed automatically.
The 1995 Sunshine Review Act incorporates the provisions of Section 119.15 as the criteria by which legislators should review Sunshine Law exemptions. Fla. Stat. § 286.0111. Under the 1995 Act, an exemption must fit within one of three categories of identifiable public purposes, and must be seen as compelling enough to override the strong presumption of openness articulated in Fla. Stat. § 119.15(2).
Since the Sunshine Review Act, the legislature has exhibited a resolve to streamline exemptions, allowing confidentiality only to the extent necessary to protect important competing values.
Open Meetings
Florida's Government in the Sunshine Law, passed in 1967, requires that all meetings of any state, county, or municipal board or commission be open to the public, and mandates that any official action taken at the closed meeting not be binding. Fla. Stat. sec. 286.011 (1995). "Meeting" is construed broadly, and is not confined to "formal" assemblages at which a ritualistic vote takes place. Times Publishing Co. v. Williams. The legislature intended to make open the entire decision-making process by the enactment of the Sunshine Law.Exemptions to the Sunshine Law are not nearly so numerous as exemptions to the public records law. The Sunshine Review Act also applies to the open meeting statute; exemptions to open meeting requirements are reviewed in the same manner as discussed above in reference to open records exemptions. sec. 286.0111, Fla. Stat. (1995).