A free kick in Australian rules football

Australian rules football

Australian rules football, officially known as Australian football, also called football, Aussie rules or footy is a sport played between two teams of 22 players on either...

 is a penalty awarded by a field umpire to a player who has been infringed by an opponent or is the nearest player to a player from the opposite team who has broken a rule.

Protocol

When a free kick is paid, the player's opponent stands the mark, by standing on the spot where the umpire indicates that the free kick was paid or mark was taken. The player with the ball then retreats backwards so that the ball can be kicked over the player standing the mark; the player must retreat on the angle such that he, the man on the mark and the centre of the attacking goal are in the same straight line.

A player receiving a free kick is not restricted to kicking

Kick (football)

Kicking is a method used by many types of football, including:* Association football* Australian rules football* International rules football* American football* Canadian football* Gaelic football* Rugby league* Rugby union...

 the ball; he can play on by handballing

Handball (Australian rules football)

Handball is a term in the sport of Australian rules football which describes a method of disposing of possession of the football by hand. It is the most frequently used alternative to kicking the ball...

 to another player, or run around the mark where the free kick has been paid.

Examples of free kicks

Free kicks are paid for:

• Holding the ball
  Holding the ball
  Holding the ball is a law in Australian Rules Football. It is necessary to prevent players from slowing down play. Instead of the umpire having to bounce the ball , it allows the defence a way to take possession directly from the attacking team.-Main Interpretation:The most basic description of...
  
  : when the player with the ball is tackled and cannot dispose of the ball legally despite having had a prior opportunity to do so; or when a player lying on the ground drags the ball underneath his body and does not attempt to dispose of it.
• Running too far: when the player runs with the ball for more than 15 metres but does not bounce it or touch it on the ground
  Running bounce
  A running bounce, or simply bounce, is a skill in the sport of Australian rules football when a player, while running, bounces the ball on the ground and back to himself.-The Skill:...
  
  , or dispose of it.
• High tackle/high contact: when the tackler makes contact above a player's shoulders.
• Holding the man
  Holding the man
  Holding the man is an infringement in the game of Australian rules football. This occurs when a player is tackling his opponent without the ball. If the team whose player committed the infringement plays on, then a free kick will be awarded. However, if the team whose player was tackled without the...
  
  : holding or tackling a player that doesn't have the ball.
• Tripping: when the player is tackled below the knees.
• Push in the back
  Push in the back
  A push in the back is a free kick awarded in Australian rules football against a player who illegally tackles or interferes with a player from behind. The rule is applied in two different circumstances: tackles and marking contests.-Push in the Back: Tackle:...
  
  : pushing a player in the back is not allowed (in a marking
  Mark (Australian football)
  A mark is a skill in Australian rules football where a player cleanly catches a kicked ball that has travelled more than 15 metres without anyone else touching it or the ball hitting the ground....
  
   contest, ruck duel or tackle).
• Taking or chopping the arms: attempting to spoil a mark by pulling away one's opponent's arm.
• Out on the full: when the ball is kicked and travels over the boundary line before bouncing or being touched by another player.
• Deliberate out of bounds/deliberate rushed behind: when the ball is forced out of bounds in a blatantly deliberate act.
• Throwing the ball/illegal disposal: when the ball is thrown or otherwise incorrectly disposed of, rather than handballed
  Handball (Australian rules football)
  Handball is a term in the sport of Australian rules football which describes a method of disposing of possession of the football by hand. It is the most frequently used alternative to kicking the ball...
  
  .
• Illegal shepherd: when a player is illegally bumped by a player in a marking or ruck contest who makes no legitimate effort to contest the ball.
• Kicking/Kicking in danger: kicking an opponent or near an opponent in a manner likely to cause injury, usually while attempting to kick the football off the ground.
• Centre square infringement: any player other than the four midfielders entering the centre square before the centre bounce.
• Interchange infringement: when a player enters the arena without following interchange protocol
  Interchange (Australian rules football)
  Interchange is the term used to describe a team position in Australian rules football, consisting of the players who are off the ground at any time...
  
  .
• Runner interference: paid against a runner, trainer or other club official who impedes the play as part of his or her normal on-ground duties.

Playing On

A player taking a free kick is allowed to take his kick or handpass unimpeded unless the umpire calls play on. Play on will be called if:

• the player runs off his line; i.e. off the direct line between the man on the mark and the centre of the goals.
• the player runs over his mark; i.e. if the man on the mark has not set himself and the player runs towards his goals. This often happens deliberately if the player is pressing an advantage (such as setting up a goal kick while the opposing players are not yet in position to defend).
• the player takes too long to take his kick or handpass. Typically, this is after about eight seconds for any free kick around the ground, and thirty seconds for a set shot
  Set shot (Australian rules football)
  A Set shot in the Australian Football League is a kick for goal after the umpire has blown "time off," in which the player can 'set' himself, rather than have to quickly react during the play. A set shot occurs when a player has been awarded a free kick, or has taken a mark within kicking range...
  
   at goals. Some players abuse this disparity in their forward lines by taking thirty seconds to take a set shot, then playing on or passing short anyway.

The umpire has sole discretion over whether he believes the player has played on. Once a player plays on, he can be pursued by any opposition players. While the man on the mark can advance to hurry his disposal, he is most vulnerable to being tackled from a player pursuing from behind.

Advantage

Players may ignore the whistle that indicates a free kick has been awarded and play on, if play is continuous. If stopping play is disadvantageous to the team receiving the free kick, then advantage is paid to that team, if that team elects to take the advantage. The umpire does not decide on advantage, unless play is not continuous. An example of this is when a player tackles his opponent, the ball spills free and is collected by a player on the tackler's team and the ball is moved downfield. In this case, stopping the game for the free kick would penalise the team that earns the free kick, hence advantage is paid. A player cannot change his mind once he has elected to take the advantage. Advantage cannot be paid from a mark.

Moving the Spot of a Free Kick

Free kicks are generally paid at the spot of the foul or mark, but the spot of the free kick can be shifted under the following four circumstances.

Free Kicks in the Goal Square

Because players are lined up on an angle with the centre of the goals, free kicks taken close to goal were often forced around to very wide angles. Starting in 2006, the spot of any free kick paid in the goal square was moved so that the kick was taken from directly in front.

Off-the-Ball Free Kicks

If a free kick is awarded for a rules infringement which does not involve the ball-carrier or a contest for the ball, it is said to be off-the-ball. An off-the-ball free kick will be paid either to the infringed player at the spot of the infringement, or to the closest player at the spot of the ball at the time of the infringement, depending upon which is the bigger penalty for the team which infringed.

Downfield Free Kicks

If a rules infringement occurs against a player after he has disposed of the football but before another player receives it (typically a late bump), the umpire pays a downfield free kick. The free kick is awarded at the spot where the kick or handpass lands or is first possessed, to the nearest player to the spot (unless the disposal is backwards, or the ball lands out of bounds or through for a behind, in which case the free kick is awarded to the infringed player at the spot of the infringement; or if a goal is scored, in which case the goal stands and no free kick is awarded). A split-second decision is made regarding whether an infringement occurred after the disposal, resulting in a downfield free kick, or before the disposal occurs, resulting in an on-the-spot free kick (unless advantage is paid on the result of the kick).

If a player is tackled high or held after disposal, the attacking team receives the greater penalty of either the downfield free kick or a 50 metre penalty from where the infringement occurred.

50-metre penalty

If play has stopped for a free kick or mark, and a second infringement occurs before the free kick has been taken, then a 50-metre penalty

50-metre penalty

In the sport of Australian Rules Football, the 50-metre penalty is applied by umpires to a number of different infractions when a free kick or mark has already been paid.Some leagues and competitions use a 25-metre penalty...

is awarded, which moves the spot of the original free kick 50m closer to the goal-line. The second infringement is usually against the player who has the original free kick (e.g. for slowing play down by running across the mark, or by a late hit after a mark), but the same rule applies for any second infringement occurring anywhere on the field. In the latter circumstance, the greater penalty of a 50m-penalty or a free kick at the spot of the second infringement is applied.

The "Protected Area"

When a player takes a free kick, the laws of the game stipulated that a protected area exists around him. The protected area is the corridor five metres to either side of the ball-carrier backwards from the mark, including a 5 metre semicircle behind the player with the ball. The laws of the game state that no player from either team is allowed within the protected area zone until the free kick is taken or play-on is called. If a player from the attacking team is within the zone, the umpire will blow time off until he leaves the zone; if a player from the defending team is within the zone, a 50-metre penalty is applied, unless he is following an opponent within 5 metres.