Franz S. Exner
Encyclopedia
Franz Serafin Exner was an Austrian physicist
.
, also working with Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
, in the year 1871 in Vienna to towards the DPhil. The largest influence on his training was Viktor von Lang for his habilitation one year later with a work entitled "over diffusion by liquid lamellas." In 1879 he tool up an appointment as extra full professor and in 1891 this was renamed to full professor of the chemico-physical institute, 1902 to "second physical Institut", as a successor to Johann Josef Loschmidt
, who had always worried about the "Exner children" as a close friend of family after the early death of his parents. When Exner was appointed 1908 as chancellor of the University of Vienna
, he was at the pinnacle of his scientific activities.
, a Viennese physicist of Polish descent, who discovered a theory independently of Albert Einstein
and Friedrich Hasenöhrl
for Brownian motion
, and Victor Hess, whose attention for the exciting and extensive topic of atmospheric electricity and associated radioactivity was influenced by Franz Exner, together with Egon Schweidler, a pioneer in the study of the atmospheric electricity
, and with Hess' discovery of "cosmic radiation" receiving the Nobel prize later, and the later Nobel prize winner Erwin Schroedinger, who began in 1911 as Exner's assistant, with "studies on the kinetics of dielectrics, melting point, pyro- and piezoelectricity" and finally Stefan Meyer
. In the 1920s and 1930s most physics chairs were occupied by pupils of Exner: Josef Thuma, Brno, later full professor in Prague; Anton Lampa, Prague; Hans Benndorf, Graz; Marian Smoluchowski
, Czernowitz, Krakau; Stefan Meyer, Vienna; Egon Schweidler, Innsbruck, Vienna; Eduard Haschek, extra full professor Vienna; Friedrich Hasenöhrl
, Vienna; Arthur Szarvassi, Heinrich Mache, Vienna; Victor Conrad
, Brünn, later USA; Felix Maria von Exner-Ewarten
, Vienna; Friedrich von Lerch, Innsbruck; Karl Przibram, Vienna; Felix Ehrenhaft
, Vienna; Erwin Lohr, Brünn; Wilhelm Schmidt, Vienna; Franz Aigner, Vienna; Victor Francis Hess
, Graz, Innsbruck, New York; Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Kohlrausch, Graz; Ludwig Flamm, Vienna; Erwin Schrödinger
, Jena, Leipzig, Zurich, Berlin, Graz, Dublin, Vienna; and Hans Thirring
, Vienna.
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
.
Life
Exner comes from one of the most important university families of the Austrian-Hungarian empire. The same Exner family includes Adolf Exner, Karl Exner, Sigmund Exner, and Marie von Frisch. Exner the youngest of five children of parents Franz Serafin Exner and Charlotte Dusensy. His father Franz Serafin was, from 1831 to 1848, a professor for philosophy in Prague and 1848 onwards was on the Board of Education in Vienna and an influential reformer of Austrian university education. He began his physics study in Vienna in 1867 and attained a doctorate after an academic year in Zurich under August KundtAugust Kundt
August Adolf Eduard Eberhard Kundt was a German physicist.-Biography:Kundt was born at Schwerin in Mecklenburg. He began his scientific studies at Leipzig, but afterwards went to Berlin University. At first he devoted himself to astronomy, but coming under the influence of H. G...
, also working with Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was a German physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901....
, in the year 1871 in Vienna to towards the DPhil. The largest influence on his training was Viktor von Lang for his habilitation one year later with a work entitled "over diffusion by liquid lamellas." In 1879 he tool up an appointment as extra full professor and in 1891 this was renamed to full professor of the chemico-physical institute, 1902 to "second physical Institut", as a successor to Johann Josef Loschmidt
Johann Josef Loschmidt
Jan or Johann Josef Loschmidt , who referred to himself mostly as 'Josef' , was a notable Austrian scientist who performed groundbreaking work in chemistry, physics , and crystal forms.Born in Carlsbad, a town located in the Austrian Empire , Loschmidt...
, who had always worried about the "Exner children" as a close friend of family after the early death of his parents. When Exner was appointed 1908 as chancellor of the University of Vienna
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...
, he was at the pinnacle of his scientific activities.
Achievements
Franz Serafin Exner can be described as a physicist with a strong vision, cultivating versatile and highly educated pupils. He was pioneer in numerous areas of modern physics. The early introduction of topics such as radioactivity, spectroscopy, electrochemistry (galvanic element), electricity in the atmosphere, and color theory in Austria can all be owed to Exner's doing. His most famous pupils included Marian SmoluchowskiMarian Smoluchowski
Marian Smoluchowski was an ethnic Polish scientist in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a pioneer of statistical physics and an avid mountaineer.-Life:...
, a Viennese physicist of Polish descent, who discovered a theory independently of Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...
and Friedrich Hasenöhrl
Friedrich Hasenöhrl
Friedrich Hasenöhrl , was an Austro-Hungarian physicist.-Life:Friedrich Hasenöhrl was born in Vienna, Austria in 1874. His father was a lawyer and his mother belonged to a prominent aristocratic family...
for Brownian motion
Brownian motion
Brownian motion or pedesis is the presumably random drifting of particles suspended in a fluid or the mathematical model used to describe such random movements, which is often called a particle theory.The mathematical model of Brownian motion has several real-world applications...
, and Victor Hess, whose attention for the exciting and extensive topic of atmospheric electricity and associated radioactivity was influenced by Franz Exner, together with Egon Schweidler, a pioneer in the study of the atmospheric electricity
Atmospheric electricity
Atmospheric electricity is the regular diurnal variations of the Earth's atmospheric electromagnetic network . The Earth's surface, the ionosphere, and the atmosphere is known as the global atmospheric electrical circuit...
, and with Hess' discovery of "cosmic radiation" receiving the Nobel prize later, and the later Nobel prize winner Erwin Schroedinger, who began in 1911 as Exner's assistant, with "studies on the kinetics of dielectrics, melting point, pyro- and piezoelectricity" and finally Stefan Meyer
Stefan Meyer (physicist)
Stefan Meyer was an Austrian physicist involved in research on radioactivity. He became director of the Institute for Radium Research in Vienna and received the Lieben Prize in 1913 for his research on radium...
. In the 1920s and 1930s most physics chairs were occupied by pupils of Exner: Josef Thuma, Brno, later full professor in Prague; Anton Lampa, Prague; Hans Benndorf, Graz; Marian Smoluchowski
Marian Smoluchowski
Marian Smoluchowski was an ethnic Polish scientist in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a pioneer of statistical physics and an avid mountaineer.-Life:...
, Czernowitz, Krakau; Stefan Meyer, Vienna; Egon Schweidler, Innsbruck, Vienna; Eduard Haschek, extra full professor Vienna; Friedrich Hasenöhrl
Friedrich Hasenöhrl
Friedrich Hasenöhrl , was an Austro-Hungarian physicist.-Life:Friedrich Hasenöhrl was born in Vienna, Austria in 1874. His father was a lawyer and his mother belonged to a prominent aristocratic family...
, Vienna; Arthur Szarvassi, Heinrich Mache, Vienna; Victor Conrad
Victor Conrad
Victor Conrad was an Austrian-American physicist, seismologist and meteorologist. He was the first director of the Austrian seismological service, and a reputed academician of international accomplishment. He was politically victimized twice, in 1919 for his ethnicity and in 1934 as a socialist...
, Brünn, later USA; Felix Maria von Exner-Ewarten
Felix Maria von Exner-Ewarten
Felix Maria von Exner-Ewarten was an Austrian meteorologist and geophysicist.His son Christof Exner was a professor of geology in Vienna.- External links :...
, Vienna; Friedrich von Lerch, Innsbruck; Karl Przibram, Vienna; Felix Ehrenhaft
Felix Ehrenhaft
Felix Ehrenhaft was an Austrian physicist who contributed to atomic physics, to the measurement of electrical charges and to the optical properties of metal colloids. He was known for his maverick and controversial style...
, Vienna; Erwin Lohr, Brünn; Wilhelm Schmidt, Vienna; Franz Aigner, Vienna; Victor Francis Hess
Victor Francis Hess
Victor Francis Hess was an Austrian-American physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics, who discovered cosmic rays.-Early years:...
, Graz, Innsbruck, New York; Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Kohlrausch, Graz; Ludwig Flamm, Vienna; Erwin Schrödinger
Erwin Schrödinger
Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger was an Austrian physicist and theoretical biologist who was one of the fathers of quantum mechanics, and is famed for a number of important contributions to physics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933...
, Jena, Leipzig, Zurich, Berlin, Graz, Dublin, Vienna; and Hans Thirring
Hans Thirring
Hans Thirring was an Austrian theoretical physicist, professor, and father of the physicist Walter Thirring....
, Vienna.
Selected publications
- Franz Exner und Sigmund Exner: Die physikalischen Grundlagen der Blütenfärbungen, 1910
- W C Röntgen und F Exner: Über die Anwendung des Eiskalorimeters zur Bestimmung der Intensität der Sonnenstrahlen. Wien Ber 69: 228 (1874)
- Franz Exner: Vom Chaos zur Gegenwart, 1926 (unveröffentlicht)