Foul (basketball)
Encyclopedia
In basketball
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...

, a foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behavior. A personal foul is the most common type of foul in basketball. Due to the nature of the game, personal fouls occur on occasion and are not always regarded as unsportsmanlike
Sportsmanship
Sportsmanship is an aspiration or ethos that a sport or activity will be enjoyed for its own sake, with proper consideration for fairness, ethics, respect, and a sense of fellowship with one's competitors...

. However, a contact foul involving excessive or unjustified contact is classed as an unsportsmanlike foul (or in the National Basketball Association
National Basketball Association
The National Basketball Association is the pre-eminent men's professional basketball league in North America. It consists of thirty franchised member clubs, of which twenty-nine are located in the United States and one in Canada...

 (NBA), a flagrant foul
Flagrant foul
A flagrant foul is a serious contact foul involving unnecessary, excessive, or intentional contact in sport. There is a specific National Basketball Association foul termed a flagrant foul.-NBA flagrant fouls:...

). It is common for a home crowd to sway a referee's decision, resulting in a 'home-court advantage' that is hard-fought for during the season. Frequently in the NBA, a foul is assumed when any players may possibly make contact at some point. Any number of fouls may be called against a team. Irrespective of the penalty, each foul shall be charged against the offender and penalized accordingly.

Flagrant foul

A flagrant foul, an equivalent of the other league's unsportsmanlike foul, is a player contact foul which, in the judgment of the official, is not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules.
Also is very common

Technical foul

A technical foul is instigated when a member of a team (players, coaches, etc.) engage in a significant infraction that go beyond regular fouls or do not fit the description of regular fouls.
Also Striking the ball with your hand and hitting your opponents hand in the process is also considered a foul.

Team foul

A team is in a team foul penalty situation when it has committed four (4) team fouls in a period. All team fouls committed in an interval of play shall be considered to be part of the period or extra period following. All team fouls committed in an extra period shall be considered as being committed in the fourth period.
This awarded for bad behaviour.....

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