Fornax Cluster
Encyclopedia
At a distance of approximately 62.0 Mly
(19.0 Mpc
), the Fornax Cluster is the second richest cluster of galaxies
within 100 million light-years, although it is much smaller than the Virgo Cluster
. It lies primarily in the constellation Fornax
, and may be associated with the nearby Eridanus Group
. Although small as clusters of galaxies go, the Fornax Cluster is a valuable source of information about the evolution of such clusters, showing the effects of a merger of a subgroup with the main group, which in turn lends clues about the associated galactic superstructure. At the centre of the cluster lies NGC 1399
. Other cluster members include: NGC 1427A
and NGC 1404
.
For Chart Below:
Column 1: The name of the galaxy.
Column 2: The Right Ascension for epoch 2000.
Column 3: The Declination for epoch 2000.
Column 4: The blue apparent magnitude of the galaxy.
Column 5: The galaxy type: E=Elliptical, S0=Lenticular, Sa,Sb,Sc,Sd=Spiral, SBa,SBb,SBc,SBd=Barred Spiral, Sm,SBm,Irr=Irregular.
Column 6: The angular diameter of the galaxy (arcminutes).
Column 7: The diameter of the galaxy (thousands of light years).
Column 8: The recessional velocity (km/s) of the galaxy relative to the cosmic microwave background.
Light-year
A light-year, also light year or lightyear is a unit of length, equal to just under 10 trillion kilometres...
(19.0 Mpc
Parsec
The parsec is a unit of length used in astronomy. It is about 3.26 light-years, or just under 31 trillion kilometres ....
), the Fornax Cluster is the second richest cluster of galaxies
Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster is a compact cluster of galaxies. Basic difference between a galaxy group and a galaxy cluster is that there are many more galaxies in a cluster than in a group. Also, galaxies in a cluster are more compact and have higher velocity dispersion. One of the key features of cluster is...
within 100 million light-years, although it is much smaller than the Virgo Cluster
Virgo Cluster
The Virgo Cluster is a cluster of galaxies whose center is 53.8 ± 0.3 Mly away in the constellation Virgo. Comprising approximately 1300 member galaxies, the cluster forms the heart of the larger Local Supercluster, of which the Local Group is an outlying member...
. It lies primarily in the constellation Fornax
Fornax
Fornax is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for furnace. It was created in the 18th century and is now one of the 88 modern constellations.-History:Fornax was formed by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1756...
, and may be associated with the nearby Eridanus Group
Eridanus Group
The Eridanus Group, sometimes called the Eridanus Cloud, is a nearby loose grouping of galaxies at a mean distance of approximately 75 Mly in the constellation Eridanus...
. Although small as clusters of galaxies go, the Fornax Cluster is a valuable source of information about the evolution of such clusters, showing the effects of a merger of a subgroup with the main group, which in turn lends clues about the associated galactic superstructure. At the centre of the cluster lies NGC 1399
NGC 1399
NGC 1399, a large elliptical galaxy in the Southern constellation Fornax, is the central galaxy in the Fornax cluster....
. Other cluster members include: NGC 1427A
NGC 1427A
NGC 1427A is an irregular galaxy in the constellation Eridanulip. distance modulus has been estimated using the globular cluster luminosity function to be 31.01 ± 0.21 which is about 52 Mly. It is the brightest dwarf irregular member of the Fornax cluster and is in the foreground of the...
and NGC 1404
NGC 1404
NGC 1404 is an elliptical galaxy in the Southern constellation Fornax....
.
Column 1: The name of the galaxy.
Column 2: The Right Ascension for epoch 2000.
Column 3: The Declination for epoch 2000.
Column 4: The blue apparent magnitude of the galaxy.
Column 5: The galaxy type: E=Elliptical, S0=Lenticular, Sa,Sb,Sc,Sd=Spiral, SBa,SBb,SBc,SBd=Barred Spiral, Sm,SBm,Irr=Irregular.
Column 6: The angular diameter of the galaxy (arcminutes).
Column 7: The diameter of the galaxy (thousands of light years).
Column 8: The recessional velocity (km/s) of the galaxy relative to the cosmic microwave background.
| Name | Equatorial Coordinates RA | Equatorial Coordinates Dec | Blug Mag | Type | Size | Size kly | RV km/s |
| ESO 357-07 | 03 10.4 | -33 09 | 14.7 | SBm | 2.2 | 40 | 981 |
| ESO 357-12 | 03 16.9 | -35 32 | 14.8 | SBcd | 2.2 | 40 | 1445 |
| IC 1913 | 03 19.6 | -32 28 | 14.5 | SBb | 2.1 | 40 | 1318 |
| NGC 1310 | 03 21.1 | -37 06 | 13 | SBc | 1.9 | 35 | 1640 |
| PGC 12625 | 03 22.1 | -37 35 | ? | Irr | 2.9 | 55 | 1507 |
| NGC 1316 NGC 1316 NGC 1316 is a lenticular galaxy about 70 million light-years away in the constellation Fornax. NGC 1316 is a radio galaxy. It is the fourth-brightest radio source in the sky .-Structure and formation:... |
03 22.7 | -37 12 | 9.8 | S0 | 11.5 | 215 | 1664 |
| NGC 1317 | 03 22.7 | -37 06 | 11.9 | SBa | 3.0 | 55 | 1815 |
| NGC 1326 | 03 23.9 | -36 28 | 11.5 | S0 | 4.3 | 80 | 1247 |
| NGC 1326A | 03 25.1 | -36 22 | 14.7 | SBm | 1.7 | 30 | 1719 |
| NGC 1326B | 03 25.3 | -36 23 | 13.7 | SBm | 3.5 | 65 | 888 |
| IC 1919 | 03 26.0 | -32 54 | 13.9 | E | 1.6 | 30 | 1158 |
| NGC 1336 | 03 26.5 | -35 43 | 13.4 | E | 1.9 | 35 | 1360 |
| NGC 1341 | 03 28.0 | -37 09 | 13.3 | SBab | 1.6 | 30 | 1760 |
| NGC 1339 | 03 28.1 | -32 17 | 12.8 | E | 1.9 | 35 | 1240 |
| NGC 1344 | 03 28.3 | -31 04 | 11.2 | E | 5.6 | 105 | 1052 |
| NGC 1351A | 03 28.8 | -35 11 | 14.2 | SBbc | 2.3 | 45 | 1241 |
| ESO 358-10 | 03 29.7 | -33 33 | 14.8 | E | 1.5 | 30 | 1620 |
| NGC 1351 | 03 30.6 | -34 51 | 12.4 | E | 3.2 | 60 | 1420 |
| NGC 1350 NGC 1350 NGC 1350 is a beautiful spiral galaxy located 87 million light years away in the southern constellation Fornax . It measures roughly 130,000 light years across: slightly larger than our own galaxy, the Milky Way. It is classified as a Sa galaxy, meaning that it is a spiral with arms wound tightly... |
03 31.1 | -33 38 | 11.2 | SBab | 5.8 | 110 | 1785 |
| NGC 1365 NGC 1365 NGC 1365, also known as the Great Barred Spiral Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy about 56 million light-years away in the constellation Fornax.The core is an oval shape with an apparent size of about 50″ × 40″.... |
03 33.6 | -36 08 | 10.3 | SBb | 11.0 | 205 | 1547 |
| NGC 1366 | 03 33.9 | -31 12 | 13.1 | S0 | 1.9 | 35 | 1137 |
| NGC 1374 | 03 35.3 | -35 14 | 12.0 | E | 2.7 | 50 | 1240 |
| NGC 1375 | 03 35.3 | -35 16 | 13.4 | S0 | 2.1 | 40 | 643 |
| IC 335 | 03 35.5 | -34 27 | 13.4 | S0 | 2.3 | 45 | 1530 |
| NGC 1379 | 03 36.1 | -35 26 | 11.9 | E | 2.6 | 50 | 1264 |
| NGC 1380 | 03 36.5 | -34 59 | 11.1 | S0 | 4.8 | 90 | 1737 |
| NGC 1381 | 03 36.5 | -35 18 | 12.7 | S0 | 2.6 | 50 | 1673 |
| NGC 1369 | 03 36.8 | -36 15 | 13.6 | Sa | 1.7 | 30 | 1340 |
| NGC 1386 | 03 36.8 | -36 00 | 12.2 | S0 | 3.4 | 65 | 755 |
| NGC 1380A | 03 36.8 | -34 44 | 13.4 | S0 | 2.5 | 45 | 1419 |
| NGC 1387 | 03 37.0 | -35 30 | 11.8 | E | 3.2 | 60 | 1219 |
| NGC 1382 | 03 37.1 | -35 12 | 13.8 | E | 1.5 | 30 | 1697 |
| NGC 1389 | 03 37.2 | -35 45 | 12.6 | E | 2.6 | 50 | 883 |
| NGC 1399 NGC 1399 NGC 1399, a large elliptical galaxy in the Southern constellation Fornax, is the central galaxy in the Fornax cluster.... |
03 38.5 | -35 27 | 10.3 | E | 6.8 | 130 | 1335 |
| NGC 1404 NGC 1404 NGC 1404 is an elliptical galaxy in the Southern constellation Fornax.... |
03 38.9 | -35 36 | 10.9 | E | 4.1 | 75 | 1826 |
| NGC 1406 | 03 39.4 | -31 19 | 12.9 | SBbc | 3.9 | 75 | 963 |
| NGC 1427A NGC 1427A NGC 1427A is an irregular galaxy in the constellation Eridanulip. distance modulus has been estimated using the globular cluster luminosity function to be 31.01 ± 0.21 which is about 52 Mly. It is the brightest dwarf irregular member of the Fornax cluster and is in the foreground of the... |
03 40.1 | -35 38 | 14.2 | Irr | 2.1 | 40 | 1927 |
| ESO 358-50 | 03 41.1 | -33 47 | 13.9 | S0 | 1.6 | 30 | 1151 |
| ESO 358-51 | 03 41.5 | -34 53 | 14.1 | Sa | 1.5 | 30 | 1626 |
| NGC 1425 | 03 42.2 | -29 54 | 11.4 | Sb | 6.0 | 115 | 1402 |
| NGC 1427 NGC 1427 NGC 1427 is an irregular galaxy. This galaxy is approximately 71 million light-years away from Earth. It is currently traveling toward the Fornax cluster.... |
03 42.3 | -35 24 | 11.8 | E | 3.6 | 70 | 1327 |
| NGC 1428 | 03 42.4 | -35 09 | 14.0 | E | 1.5 | 30 | 1602 |
| ESO 358-54 | 03 43.0 | -36 16 | 14.2 | SBd | 1.7 | 30 | 798 |
| NGC 1437 | 03 43.6 | -35 51 | 12.9 | SBab | 2.8 | 50 | 1296 |
| ESO 358-60 | 03 45.2 | -35 34 | 15.6 | Irr | 1.7 | 30 | 710 |
| ESO 358-61 | 03 45.9 | -36 22 | 14.0 | Sc | 2.5 | 45 | 1415 |
| NGC 1460 | 03 46.2 | -36 42 | 13.5 | S0 | 1.7 | 30 | 1277 |
| ESO 358-63 | 03 46.3 | -34 57 | 12.6 | Sc | 4.8 | 90 | 1838 |
| IC 1993 | 03 47.1 | -33 42 | 12.5 | SBb | 2.5 | 45 | 1004 |
| ESO 302-09 | 03 47.6 | -38 35 | 14.6 | SBd | 2.2 | 40 | 908 |
| ESO 302-14 | 03 51.7 | -38 27 | 15.5 | Irr | 1.5 | 30 | 798 |
| ESO 359-03 | 03 52.0 | -33 28 | 14.1 | Sab | 1.8 | 35 | 1495 |
| NGC 1484 | 03 54.3 | -36 58 | 13.9 | Sb | 2.5 | 45 | 952 |
| IC 2006 | 03 54.3 | -35 58 | 12.5 | E | 1.9 | 35 | 1285 |