Forest Hills, Tennessee
Encyclopedia
Forest Hills is a city in Davidson County
, Tennessee
, United States
. The population was 4,710 at the 2000 census.
area of Nashville.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the city has a total area of 9.3 square miles (24.1 km²), all of it land.
Like its neighbor, Belle Meade
, it has distinct signage covenants concerning land size and use. Forest Hills is considered a "satellite city" of Nashville and residents do not receive access to all city-county combined services, taking financial responsibility for many services like garbage collection on their own. Forest Hills is considered to be a very affluent community, known for its beautiful, immaculately kept homes, winding roads, foliage and wildlife.
The area was developed as a suburb of Nashville in the wake of the post-World War II population and economic boom. Forest Hills was born as a result of the ensuing conflicts between suburban residents and Nashville city government as Nashville struggled to deal with the ramifications of suburban growth.
As its name implies, Forest Hills is composed primarily of steep wooded hills. These steep sided hills were covered with forest until the early 20th century, when residential development extended south from Nashville. Several hills have water tower
s and cellular towers, and the WSIX radio tower is located on a 1,114 foot hill north of Old Hickory Boulevard. In addition to the area’s many hills, the south-central section of the community contains what was originally fertile farmland within the Otter Creek watershed. This area supported numerous small farms during the 19th and early 20th century.
Nashville has enjoyed prosperity and growth during the past several decades, which is reflected in the development of Forest Hills. Since 1970, hundreds of dwellings have been built in Forest Hills, and the community no longer retains many tracts of open space or farmland. Most dwellings are sited on parcels of 1 acres (4,046.9 m²) to 2 acres (8,093.7 m²), and only a small number of houses are located on tracts of 10 acres (40,468.6 m²) or more. Several of the community’s hills and ridges — such as the properties along Laurel Ridge Drive and Fredericksburg Drive — also have been developed in recent decades.
cultures occupied the area comprising Forest Hills prior to Anglo-European settlement. The Mississippian culture
of A.D. 900 to 1450 was the most prominent of these with many large mounds built throughout Davidson County. Later, the rich lands of Middle Tennessee
were hunting grounds for the Cherokee
, Chickasaw
, Shawnee
, and other tribes prior to the late 18th century. The Native American legacy can still be felt through the occasional finds of tools and arrowheads in fields and backyards. In recent years, the discovery of Native American graves at the southeast corner of Old Hickory Boulevard and Hillsboro Pike is a vivid reminder of their legacy.
A Revolutionary War
veteran named McCrory chose to give his land grant to his son Thomas, who came to the area in 1790. The younger McCrory went on to acquire some 3700 acres (15 km²) in Davidson and Williamson counties, including land along what is now Old Hickory Boulevard. McCrory built a two-story log dwelling on this property in 1798. The property was purchased by William B. Carpenter in 1837, and his daughter and son-in-law Mary E. and George Mayfield inherited the house in 1869. It remained in the Mayfield family until 1939. This is the oldest building remaining in Forest Hills, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. As Nashville assumed prominence on the western frontier, a road known as the Natchez Trace
was created to provide an overland route for settlers returning from New Orleans. Many settlers in the Ohio
and Cumberland River
valleys floated on rafts down the Mississippi River
to New Orleans to sell their goods. Prior to the invention of the steamboat
, western settlers had no choice but to walk home through the wilderness to reach home. In order to provide an improved road, the Natchez Trace was constructed from Nashville to Natchez, Mississippi
.
Construction of the Natchez Trace began in 1802, and work continued on improving the road until it was officially declared complete in 1809. From the early 19th century to the 1820s, the Natchez Trace was the primary north/south route through central Tennessee. With the advent of steamboat travel, the use of the Natchez Trace declined significantly and the old roadbed was used as local farm roads by the mid-19th century. Various surveys and land records of the 19th century refer to the “Natchez Trace” or “Natchez Road” located on at least three different routes in Davidson County, two of which ran through Forest Hills. As National Park Service
historian Dawson Phelps wrote in the 1940s, “All this has been very confusing to many Nashvillians who dabble in local history. Each has a definite idea that one or the other of the roads mentioned above is the Old Trace and is eager, at the drop of a hat, to defend his position obstinately, profanely, and at great length.”[1] However, a recent study of the Natchez Trace identified one of the main routes extending through what is now Forest Hills along either side of present-day Hillsboro Pike.
In northern Williamson County, the Natchez Trace
crossed the Harpeth River
in the vicinity of Union Bridge Road. A National Park Service study in 1935 stated that the Natchez Trace “crossed the Harpeth at Robinson Bend just upstream from Union Bridge, an old covered bridge.” The Natchez Trace then turned north along present-day Stockit Road, and two branches diverged in what is now Edwin Warner Park. One of these branches continued north along what is now Page Road, and then followed the route of present-day State Route 100
(Harding Pike) to its terminus at Cockrill’s Spring in Centennial Park
.
The second of these branches ran east to present-day Hillsboro Pike, continuing north of Otter Creek before turning north through a gap, recrossing present-day Hillsboro Pike, and extending north through Green Hills to the terminus of the Natchez Trace at Cockrill’s Spring. This route is shown on a map prepared by the National Park Service in 1935. With the decline of travel on the Natchez Trace, this roadbed became known as Compton Road, named for the prominent Compton family of the vicinity. Compton Road, shown on various maps of the 19th century, was separate from Hillsboro Pike through Green Hills. Residential and commercial expansion has obliterated almost all traces of this road north of Harding Place. A small intact section of the historic roadbed of Compton Road is located just north of Woodlawn Drive.
In addition to these two branches of the Natchez Trace, a third route led from Franklin to Nashville along what was historically known as the Middle Franklin Turnpike. This branch of the Natchez Trace left the main road at Leiper’s Fork
in Williamson County and extended east to Franklin. From Franklin, this route of the Natchez Trace followed the existing roadbed of the Middle Franklin Turnpike, now known as Granny White Pike. Although many travelers passed through the area on the Natchez Trace, settlement was initially not extensive. Compared to the rest of Davidson County, in the early 19th century few large farms existed within what is now Forest Hills. This was primarily because of the area’s topography of steep forested hills, which proved difficult to till. In the northwest corner of the city limits are rich bottomlands along the tributaries of Richland Creek. In the central section of the city also are the fertile lands along Otter Creek. With these exceptions, few other areas of Forest Hills supported largescale farming. Oats, Indian corn, and potatoes were primary crops, and because the topography limited crop production, livestock were essential to most farms. Swine were the dominant livestock on most farms, and many settlers also raised sheep, which made wool an important product. The number of cattle raised was minimal, with most farms emphasizing milk cows and the production of butter over beef cattle.
As the Comptons were one of the most prominent early families, one of Henry Compton Sr.'s cousin, William, built homes and established farms along Hillsboro Pike and later served under Andrew Jackson
in New Orleans.[3] William began with a farm of about one hundred 50 acres (202,343 m²), but had acquired around 1000 acres (4 km²) by the time of his death. His sons Felix and Henry W. also acquired substantial property in the area. In 1860, Felix Compton owned a 460 acres (1.9 km²) farm and 300 acres (1.2 km²) of woodlands valued at forty thousand dollars. Corn and oats were his main crops along with ample livestock of mostly swine and sheep.4 Felix Compton’s home along Hillsboro Pike, which was on the land that has been developed into Burton Hills, stood until the 1980s when it was dismantled and moved to Dickson County.
Henry Compton Sr. (17841873) came to Tennessee in 1806. Shortly after his marriage to Sarah Cox in 1815, Compton settled on 325 acres (1.3 km²) in what is now Forest Hills.5 Around 1819, Compton erected a two-story log dwelling near what is now Tyne Boulevard. The dwelling was enlarged ca. 1900 to accommodate the Compton’s growing family, which included ten children. Henry Compton became one of the area’s most prominent landowners with 900 acres (3.6 km²) improved and 400 acres (1.6 km²) of woodlands in 1860. At this time his substantial farm was valued at $
195,000 and produced 7500 bushels of Indian corn, 1800 hundred bushels of oats, 1500 hundred bushels of potatoes, and 1300 hundred bushels of wheat. Compton’s livestock included 200 swine, 150 sheep, and 29 horses. He also owned 41 cattle, 21 of which were milk cows.
The Compton estates grew over generations, and by the late 19th century their lands “stretched from the Belle Meade plantation on the west to the Lealand estate on the east”. An 1871 map of Davidson County confirms this statement and shows the estates of Felix Compton, Henry Compton Sr., and Henry Compton Jr. in the Richland Creek area. Henry Compton Sr.’s ca. 1819 two-story log house remains extant at 1645 Tyne Boulevard (DV11567). Also on the property is the Compton family cemetery, which contains approximately 25 graves.
William Scruggs also established a large estate in the Forest Hills area during the 19th century. Scruggs purchased land along Hillsboro Pike in the 1830s and eventually owned some 700 acres (2.8 km²). At his death, his nephew Edward Scruggs inherited the property. Edward Scruggs continued to operate a successful farm and was a key figure in the community as part shareholder in the Hillsboro Turnpike Company, which constructed Hillsboro Pike. In 1890, Scruggs built an elaborate twostory, frame, Queen Anne style dwelling with Eastlake detailing along Hillsboro Pike. With perforated gables and pediments, carved panels, a fishscale shingle roof, and numerous spindles and lattice work, the Scruggs house served as a landmark along the Pike. This house remains extant at 6251 Hillsboro Road (DV24931)....
of 2000, there were 4,710 people, 1,729 households, and 1,471 families residing in the city. The population density
was 507.8 people per square mile (196.2/km²). There were 1,791 housing units at an average density of 193.1 per square mile (74.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.14% White, 1.40% African American, 0.06% Native American, 1.38% Asian, 0.40% from other races
, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.
There were 1,729 households out of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.4% were married couples
living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.9% were non-families. 11.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city the population was spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 34.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $124,845, and the median income for a family was $154,148. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $41,125 for females. The per capita income
for the city was $68,228, the second highest in the state after Belle Meade
. About 1.2% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.5% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those Age 65 or over.
in 1982. This two-story log dwelling was built circa 1798 and is the oldest remaining dwelling in Forest Hills.
Although 19th century dwellings are rare, Forest Hills contains a number of significant houses built in the early 20th century. With improvements in automobiles and road systems, this section of Davidson County became a preferred area for country estates by the 1920s. Properties built along Hillsboro Pike mirrored those built in nearby Belle Meade as West Nashville became home to the area’s most prosperous businessmen and professionals. Representative of this type of rural country home is Longleat at 5819 Hillsboro Pike, which was completed in 1932 as the home of insurance executive Thomas Tyne. Longleat was listed on the National Register in 1984 for its architectural significance. Another 20th century home is “The Hibbettage” at 2160 Old Hickory Boulevard. Built in 1939, this two-story brick dwelling was constructed as a replica of The Hermitage; it was listed on the National Register in 1998 for its architectural significance.
This study is based on a reconnaissance-level survey completed by Thomas Wooten in 1997. Wooten completed photographs and a listing of pre-1955 dwellings for the City of Forest Hills. Research for this project was provided through a review of tax records at the Metro Archives cominstances no reply was made to these attempts to gather information. Survey methodology included visiting each property identified as built prior to 1955. Photographs of all facades and outbuildings were completed along with architectural descriptions. Interior analysis was also completed where interior views were available or access was provided by the owners. Standard inventory forms utilized by the Tennessee Historical Commission
for its statewide survey program were completed.
This architectural and historical survey of Forest Hills resulted in the noting or surveying of one hundred fourteen properties. Of these, twenty were originally surveyed in the 1980s during a countywide survey completed under the direction of the Metropolitan Nashville Historical Commission. The majority of the inventoried properties are frame and brick-veneer dwellings built after 1940 when Forest Hills became a preferred suburban residential area in Davidson County. As a result of this survey, an additional ten properties appear to meet eligibility requirements for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. These properties are included in the summary chapter of this report.
Properties that are more than 50 years old are eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The 1997 project attempted to identify all properties that met this criterion in Forest Hills, plus those built in the early 1950s. Additional survey efforts are recommended to take place in 2010 and/or 2015 when many more dwellings in Forest Hills meet the fifty-year criteria for survey consideration.
Davidson County, Tennessee
Davidson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of 2010, the population was 626,681. Its county seat is Nashville.In 1963, the City of Nashville and the Davidson County government merged, so the county government is now known as the "Metropolitan Government of Nashville and...
, Tennessee
Tennessee
Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The population was 4,710 at the 2000 census.
Geography
Forest Hills is bordered by Old Hickory Boulevard on the south, Granny White Pike on the east, Harding Place (also known as Harding Pike or Battery Lane) on the north, and Hillsboro Pike (Tennessee State Route 56 and U.S. Route 431) on the north. The city hall is not located within city limits, as it is located in the Green HillsGreen Hills, Tennessee
Green Hills is an area in Nashville, Tennessee. Although there were some preliminary plans toward making it an incorporated town in the late 1950s and early 1960s, these plans were never completed....
area of Nashville.
According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the city has a total area of 9.3 square miles (24.1 km²), all of it land.
Like its neighbor, Belle Meade
Belle Meade, Tennessee
Belle Meade is a city in Davidson County, Tennessee, United States, within Nashville.-Overview:In 1963, it was absorbed into the metropolitan government of Nashville-Davidson County, however, it retains its independent city status, and its residents pay taxes both to the Metro government and to the...
, it has distinct signage covenants concerning land size and use. Forest Hills is considered a "satellite city" of Nashville and residents do not receive access to all city-county combined services, taking financial responsibility for many services like garbage collection on their own. Forest Hills is considered to be a very affluent community, known for its beautiful, immaculately kept homes, winding roads, foliage and wildlife.
The area was developed as a suburb of Nashville in the wake of the post-World War II population and economic boom. Forest Hills was born as a result of the ensuing conflicts between suburban residents and Nashville city government as Nashville struggled to deal with the ramifications of suburban growth.
As its name implies, Forest Hills is composed primarily of steep wooded hills. These steep sided hills were covered with forest until the early 20th century, when residential development extended south from Nashville. Several hills have water tower
Water tower
A water tower or elevated water tower is a large elevated drinking water storage container constructed to hold a water supply at a height sufficient to pressurize a water distribution system....
s and cellular towers, and the WSIX radio tower is located on a 1,114 foot hill north of Old Hickory Boulevard. In addition to the area’s many hills, the south-central section of the community contains what was originally fertile farmland within the Otter Creek watershed. This area supported numerous small farms during the 19th and early 20th century.
Nashville has enjoyed prosperity and growth during the past several decades, which is reflected in the development of Forest Hills. Since 1970, hundreds of dwellings have been built in Forest Hills, and the community no longer retains many tracts of open space or farmland. Most dwellings are sited on parcels of 1 acres (4,046.9 m²) to 2 acres (8,093.7 m²), and only a small number of houses are located on tracts of 10 acres (40,468.6 m²) or more. Several of the community’s hills and ridges — such as the properties along Laurel Ridge Drive and Fredericksburg Drive — also have been developed in recent decades.
Prehistory
Various Native AmericanIndigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. Indigenous peoples are known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, and in the United States as Native Americans...
cultures occupied the area comprising Forest Hills prior to Anglo-European settlement. The Mississippian culture
Mississippian culture
The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 CE to 1500 CE, varying regionally....
of A.D. 900 to 1450 was the most prominent of these with many large mounds built throughout Davidson County. Later, the rich lands of Middle Tennessee
Middle Tennessee
Middle Tennessee is a distinct portion of the state of Tennessee, delineated according to state law as the 41 counties in the Middle Grand Division of Tennessee....
were hunting grounds for the Cherokee
Cherokee
The Cherokee are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States . Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian language family...
, Chickasaw
Chickasaw
The Chickasaw are Native American people originally from the region that would become the Southeastern United States...
, Shawnee
Shawnee
The Shawnee, Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are an Algonquian-speaking people native to North America. Historically they inhabited the areas of Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Maryland, Kentucky, Indiana, and Pennsylvania...
, and other tribes prior to the late 18th century. The Native American legacy can still be felt through the occasional finds of tools and arrowheads in fields and backyards. In recent years, the discovery of Native American graves at the southeast corner of Old Hickory Boulevard and Hillsboro Pike is a vivid reminder of their legacy.
18th and 19th centuries
Nashville was settled by Anglo-Europeans in 1780, and over the next two decades settlers staked claims on what was originally land cultivated and hunted by Native Americans. In addition, several land grants were awarded to Revolutionary War veterans. The recipients of these grants seldom settled the land themselves, but either sold them to individuals or passed them along to their children or other relatives. In the Forest Hills area, William Nash received a 640 acres (2.6 km²) grant along what is now Granny White Pike south of Tyne Boulevard. Nash opted to sell off parcels of his land, including a 160 acre (0.6474976 km²) tract to Henry Compton in the early 19th century. Much of the land west of Hillsboro Road was part of a grant awarded to James Robertson.A Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
veteran named McCrory chose to give his land grant to his son Thomas, who came to the area in 1790. The younger McCrory went on to acquire some 3700 acres (15 km²) in Davidson and Williamson counties, including land along what is now Old Hickory Boulevard. McCrory built a two-story log dwelling on this property in 1798. The property was purchased by William B. Carpenter in 1837, and his daughter and son-in-law Mary E. and George Mayfield inherited the house in 1869. It remained in the Mayfield family until 1939. This is the oldest building remaining in Forest Hills, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. As Nashville assumed prominence on the western frontier, a road known as the Natchez Trace
Natchez Trace
The Natchez Trace, also known as the "Old Natchez Trace", is a historical path that extends roughly from Natchez, Mississippi to Nashville, Tennessee, linking the Cumberland, Tennessee and Mississippi rivers...
was created to provide an overland route for settlers returning from New Orleans. Many settlers in the Ohio
Ohio River
The Ohio River is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio is even bigger than the Mississippi and, thus, is hydrologically the main stream of the whole river system, including the Allegheny River further upstream...
and Cumberland River
Cumberland River
The Cumberland River is a waterway in the Southern United States. It is long. It starts in Harlan County in far southeastern Kentucky between Pine and Cumberland mountains, flows through southern Kentucky, crosses into northern Tennessee, and then curves back up into western Kentucky before...
valleys floated on rafts down the Mississippi River
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains...
to New Orleans to sell their goods. Prior to the invention of the steamboat
Steamboat
A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels...
, western settlers had no choice but to walk home through the wilderness to reach home. In order to provide an improved road, the Natchez Trace was constructed from Nashville to Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez is the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. With a total population of 18,464 , it is the largest community and the only incorporated municipality within Adams County...
.
Construction of the Natchez Trace began in 1802, and work continued on improving the road until it was officially declared complete in 1809. From the early 19th century to the 1820s, the Natchez Trace was the primary north/south route through central Tennessee. With the advent of steamboat travel, the use of the Natchez Trace declined significantly and the old roadbed was used as local farm roads by the mid-19th century. Various surveys and land records of the 19th century refer to the “Natchez Trace” or “Natchez Road” located on at least three different routes in Davidson County, two of which ran through Forest Hills. As National Park Service
National Park Service
The National Park Service is the U.S. federal agency that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations...
historian Dawson Phelps wrote in the 1940s, “All this has been very confusing to many Nashvillians who dabble in local history. Each has a definite idea that one or the other of the roads mentioned above is the Old Trace and is eager, at the drop of a hat, to defend his position obstinately, profanely, and at great length.”[1] However, a recent study of the Natchez Trace identified one of the main routes extending through what is now Forest Hills along either side of present-day Hillsboro Pike.
In northern Williamson County, the Natchez Trace
Natchez Trace
The Natchez Trace, also known as the "Old Natchez Trace", is a historical path that extends roughly from Natchez, Mississippi to Nashville, Tennessee, linking the Cumberland, Tennessee and Mississippi rivers...
crossed the Harpeth River
Harpeth River
The Harpeth River, long, is one of the major streams of north-central Middle Tennessee and one of the major tributaries of the Cumberland River...
in the vicinity of Union Bridge Road. A National Park Service study in 1935 stated that the Natchez Trace “crossed the Harpeth at Robinson Bend just upstream from Union Bridge, an old covered bridge.” The Natchez Trace then turned north along present-day Stockit Road, and two branches diverged in what is now Edwin Warner Park. One of these branches continued north along what is now Page Road, and then followed the route of present-day State Route 100
Tennessee State Route 100
State Route 100 is a west–east route that connects Whiteville, Tennessee with Belle Meade, Tennessee.- Route description :Once it leaves SR-15, State Route 100 passes south of Whiteville along with US-64. Then SR-100 passes through an interchange with US-64 and SR-15 and leaves Whiteville...
(Harding Pike) to its terminus at Cockrill’s Spring in Centennial Park
Centennial Park (Nashville)
Centennial Park is a large urban park located approximately two miles west of downtown Nashville, Tennessee, across West End Avenue from the campus of Vanderbilt University and adjacent to the headquarters campus of the Hospital Corporation of America.The park was originally farmland that had...
.
The second of these branches ran east to present-day Hillsboro Pike, continuing north of Otter Creek before turning north through a gap, recrossing present-day Hillsboro Pike, and extending north through Green Hills to the terminus of the Natchez Trace at Cockrill’s Spring. This route is shown on a map prepared by the National Park Service in 1935. With the decline of travel on the Natchez Trace, this roadbed became known as Compton Road, named for the prominent Compton family of the vicinity. Compton Road, shown on various maps of the 19th century, was separate from Hillsboro Pike through Green Hills. Residential and commercial expansion has obliterated almost all traces of this road north of Harding Place. A small intact section of the historic roadbed of Compton Road is located just north of Woodlawn Drive.
In addition to these two branches of the Natchez Trace, a third route led from Franklin to Nashville along what was historically known as the Middle Franklin Turnpike. This branch of the Natchez Trace left the main road at Leiper’s Fork
Leiper's Fork, Tennessee
Leiper's Fork is an unincorporated village in Williamson County, Tennessee, United States. It is located at .The village, located on the Natchez Trace Parkway, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district containing examples of late 19th century architecture.The area...
in Williamson County and extended east to Franklin. From Franklin, this route of the Natchez Trace followed the existing roadbed of the Middle Franklin Turnpike, now known as Granny White Pike. Although many travelers passed through the area on the Natchez Trace, settlement was initially not extensive. Compared to the rest of Davidson County, in the early 19th century few large farms existed within what is now Forest Hills. This was primarily because of the area’s topography of steep forested hills, which proved difficult to till. In the northwest corner of the city limits are rich bottomlands along the tributaries of Richland Creek. In the central section of the city also are the fertile lands along Otter Creek. With these exceptions, few other areas of Forest Hills supported largescale farming. Oats, Indian corn, and potatoes were primary crops, and because the topography limited crop production, livestock were essential to most farms. Swine were the dominant livestock on most farms, and many settlers also raised sheep, which made wool an important product. The number of cattle raised was minimal, with most farms emphasizing milk cows and the production of butter over beef cattle.
As the Comptons were one of the most prominent early families, one of Henry Compton Sr.'s cousin, William, built homes and established farms along Hillsboro Pike and later served under Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States . Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend , and the British at the Battle of New Orleans...
in New Orleans.[3] William began with a farm of about one hundred 50 acres (202,343 m²), but had acquired around 1000 acres (4 km²) by the time of his death. His sons Felix and Henry W. also acquired substantial property in the area. In 1860, Felix Compton owned a 460 acres (1.9 km²) farm and 300 acres (1.2 km²) of woodlands valued at forty thousand dollars. Corn and oats were his main crops along with ample livestock of mostly swine and sheep.4 Felix Compton’s home along Hillsboro Pike, which was on the land that has been developed into Burton Hills, stood until the 1980s when it was dismantled and moved to Dickson County.
Henry Compton Sr. (17841873) came to Tennessee in 1806. Shortly after his marriage to Sarah Cox in 1815, Compton settled on 325 acres (1.3 km²) in what is now Forest Hills.5 Around 1819, Compton erected a two-story log dwelling near what is now Tyne Boulevard. The dwelling was enlarged ca. 1900 to accommodate the Compton’s growing family, which included ten children. Henry Compton became one of the area’s most prominent landowners with 900 acres (3.6 km²) improved and 400 acres (1.6 km²) of woodlands in 1860. At this time his substantial farm was valued at $
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
195,000 and produced 7500 bushels of Indian corn, 1800 hundred bushels of oats, 1500 hundred bushels of potatoes, and 1300 hundred bushels of wheat. Compton’s livestock included 200 swine, 150 sheep, and 29 horses. He also owned 41 cattle, 21 of which were milk cows.
The Compton estates grew over generations, and by the late 19th century their lands “stretched from the Belle Meade plantation on the west to the Lealand estate on the east”. An 1871 map of Davidson County confirms this statement and shows the estates of Felix Compton, Henry Compton Sr., and Henry Compton Jr. in the Richland Creek area. Henry Compton Sr.’s ca. 1819 two-story log house remains extant at 1645 Tyne Boulevard (DV11567). Also on the property is the Compton family cemetery, which contains approximately 25 graves.
William Scruggs also established a large estate in the Forest Hills area during the 19th century. Scruggs purchased land along Hillsboro Pike in the 1830s and eventually owned some 700 acres (2.8 km²). At his death, his nephew Edward Scruggs inherited the property. Edward Scruggs continued to operate a successful farm and was a key figure in the community as part shareholder in the Hillsboro Turnpike Company, which constructed Hillsboro Pike. In 1890, Scruggs built an elaborate twostory, frame, Queen Anne style dwelling with Eastlake detailing along Hillsboro Pike. With perforated gables and pediments, carved panels, a fishscale shingle roof, and numerous spindles and lattice work, the Scruggs house served as a landmark along the Pike. This house remains extant at 6251 Hillsboro Road (DV24931)....
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 4,710 people, 1,729 households, and 1,471 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 507.8 people per square mile (196.2/km²). There were 1,791 housing units at an average density of 193.1 per square mile (74.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.14% White, 1.40% African American, 0.06% Native American, 1.38% Asian, 0.40% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.
There were 1,729 households out of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.4% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.9% were non-families. 11.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city the population was spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 34.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $124,845, and the median income for a family was $154,148. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $41,125 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the city was $68,228, the second highest in the state after Belle Meade
Belle Meade, Tennessee
Belle Meade is a city in Davidson County, Tennessee, United States, within Nashville.-Overview:In 1963, it was absorbed into the metropolitan government of Nashville-Davidson County, however, it retains its independent city status, and its residents pay taxes both to the Metro government and to the...
. About 1.2% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.5% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those Age 65 or over.
Historic properties
The growth and development of Forest Hills has resulted in the loss of most of the community’s 18th and 19th century dwellings. Only a handful of properties dating from this early period remain extant. One of the most notable of these is the McCrory-Mayfield House at 1280 Old Hickory Boulevard, which was listed on the National Register of Historic PlacesNational Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
in 1982. This two-story log dwelling was built circa 1798 and is the oldest remaining dwelling in Forest Hills.
Although 19th century dwellings are rare, Forest Hills contains a number of significant houses built in the early 20th century. With improvements in automobiles and road systems, this section of Davidson County became a preferred area for country estates by the 1920s. Properties built along Hillsboro Pike mirrored those built in nearby Belle Meade as West Nashville became home to the area’s most prosperous businessmen and professionals. Representative of this type of rural country home is Longleat at 5819 Hillsboro Pike, which was completed in 1932 as the home of insurance executive Thomas Tyne. Longleat was listed on the National Register in 1984 for its architectural significance. Another 20th century home is “The Hibbettage” at 2160 Old Hickory Boulevard. Built in 1939, this two-story brick dwelling was constructed as a replica of The Hermitage; it was listed on the National Register in 1998 for its architectural significance.
This study is based on a reconnaissance-level survey completed by Thomas Wooten in 1997. Wooten completed photographs and a listing of pre-1955 dwellings for the City of Forest Hills. Research for this project was provided through a review of tax records at the Metro Archives cominstances no reply was made to these attempts to gather information. Survey methodology included visiting each property identified as built prior to 1955. Photographs of all facades and outbuildings were completed along with architectural descriptions. Interior analysis was also completed where interior views were available or access was provided by the owners. Standard inventory forms utilized by the Tennessee Historical Commission
Tennessee Historical Commission
The Tennessee Historical Commission is a Tennessee state government agency, a division of the Department of Environment and Conservation, that has missions related to the state's history and historic preservation....
for its statewide survey program were completed.
This architectural and historical survey of Forest Hills resulted in the noting or surveying of one hundred fourteen properties. Of these, twenty were originally surveyed in the 1980s during a countywide survey completed under the direction of the Metropolitan Nashville Historical Commission. The majority of the inventoried properties are frame and brick-veneer dwellings built after 1940 when Forest Hills became a preferred suburban residential area in Davidson County. As a result of this survey, an additional ten properties appear to meet eligibility requirements for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. These properties are included in the summary chapter of this report.
Properties that are more than 50 years old are eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The 1997 project attempted to identify all properties that met this criterion in Forest Hills, plus those built in the early 1950s. Additional survey efforts are recommended to take place in 2010 and/or 2015 when many more dwellings in Forest Hills meet the fifty-year criteria for survey consideration.