Food safety risk analysis
Encyclopedia
Risk analysis
Risk analysis is defined for the purposes of the Codex Alimentarius Commission as "A process consisting of three components: risk management, risk assessment, and risk communication."Risk management
Risk management is defined for the purposes of the Codex Alimentarius Commission as "The process, distinct from risk assessment, of weighing policy alternatives, in consultation with all interested parties, considering risk assessment and other factors relevant for the health protection of consumers and for the promotion of fair trade practices, and, if needed, selecting appropriate prevention and control options."Risk assessment
Risk assessment is defined for the purposes of the Codex Alimentarius Commission as "A scientifically based process consisting of the following steps: (i) hazard identification, (ii) hazard characterization, (iii) exposure assessment, and (iv) risk characterization."Hazard identification is "The identification of biological, chemical, and physical agents capable of causing adverse health effects and which may be present in a particular food or group of foods."
Hazard characterization is "The qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the nature of the adverse health effects associated with biological, chemical and physical agents which may be present in food. For chemical agents, a dose-response assessment should be performed. For biological or physical agents, a dose-response assessment should be performed if the data are obtainable."
Exposure assessment is "The qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the likely intake of biological, chemical, and physical agents via food as well as exposures from other sources if relevant."
Risk characterization is "The qualitative and/or quantitative estimation, including attendant uncertainties, of the probability of occurrence and severity of known or potential adverse health effects in a given population based on hazard identification, hazard characterization and exposure assessment."
Risk communication
Risk communication is defined for the purposes of the Codex Alimentarius Commission as "The interactive exchange of information and opinions throughout the risk analysis process concerning hazards and risks, risk-related factors and risk perceptions, among risk assessors, risk managers, consumers, industry, the academic community and other interested parties, including the explanation of risk assessment findings and the basis of risk management decisions."Codex Alimentarius Commission
The Codex Alimentarius Commission "...was created in 1963 by the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop food standards, guidelines and related texts such as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. The main purposes of this Programme are protecting health of the consumers and ensuring fair trade practices in the food trade, and promoting coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and non-governmental organizations."Further reading
- About Risk Analysis in Food World Health Organization. Available online.
- Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme (Codex Alimentarius) World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available online.
- [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0822e/a0822e.pdf FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 87: Food Safety Risk Analysis, A Guide for National Food Safety Authorities] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available online. 2006.
- Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Assessment Codex Alimentarius Commission. Available online. 1999.
- Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Management Codex Alimentarius Commission. Available online. 2007.
- Risk Communication in Action: The Tools of Message Mapping US Environmental Protection Agency. Available online. August 2007.