Fibrobacteres
Encyclopedia
Fibrobacteres is a small bacteria
l phylum which includes many of the major rumen
bacteria, allowing for the degradation of plant-based cellulose
in ruminant animals. Members of this phylum were categorized in other phyla. The genus Fibrobacter (the only genus of Fibrobacteres) was divided from the genus Bacteroides
in 1988.
Molecular evidence based on the amplification of 16rRNA genes from various environments suggest that the phylum is much more widespread than previously thought
. Most of the clones from mammalian environments group along with the known isolates in what has been called Fibrobacteres subphylum 1. Members of Fibrobacteres subphylum 2 however, have so far been found only in the gut of termites. Due to the lack of cultured representatives from subphylum 2, it is so far unclear as to the role they might play in termite guts.
Candidate phylum TG3
Bacteria
Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
l phylum which includes many of the major rumen
Rumen
The rumen, also known as a paunch, forms the larger part of the reticulorumen, which is the first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. It serves as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed...
bacteria, allowing for the degradation of plant-based cellulose
Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β linked D-glucose units....
in ruminant animals. Members of this phylum were categorized in other phyla. The genus Fibrobacter (the only genus of Fibrobacteres) was divided from the genus Bacteroides
Bacteroides
Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, bacillus bacteria. Bacteroides species are non-endospore-forming, anaerobes, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40-48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids...
in 1988.
Taxonomy
- Class FibrobacteresFibrobacteresFibrobacteres is a small bacterial phylum which includes many of the major rumen bacteria, allowing for the degradation of plant-based cellulose in ruminant animals. Members of this phylum were categorized in other phyla...
- Order Fibrobacterales
- Family Fibrobacteraceae
- Genus Fibrobacter Montgomery et al. 1988
- F. intestinalis Montgomery et al. 1988
- F. succinogenes (Hungate 1950) Montgomery et al. 1988
- F. s. elongatus Montgomery et al. 1988
- F. s. succinogenes (Hungate 1950) Montgomery et al. 1988
- Genus Fibrobacter Montgomery et al. 1988
- Family Fibrobacteraceae
- Order Fibrobacterales
Distribution
The phylum Fibrobacteres is considered to be closely related to the CFB [Cytophaga-Flavibacterium-Bacteroides]. The only genus in this phylum is Fibrobacter that contains strains from the guts of many mammals including cattle and pigs . The two described species in this genus namely, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Fibrobacter intestinalis are important members of fibrolytic communities in mammalian guts and have received a lot of attention in recent decades due to the long-standing interest microbes capable of degrading plant fiber.Molecular evidence based on the amplification of 16rRNA genes from various environments suggest that the phylum is much more widespread than previously thought
. Most of the clones from mammalian environments group along with the known isolates in what has been called Fibrobacteres subphylum 1. Members of Fibrobacteres subphylum 2 however, have so far been found only in the gut of termites. Due to the lack of cultured representatives from subphylum 2, it is so far unclear as to the role they might play in termite guts.
See also
Fibrobacter succinogenesFibrobacter succinogenes
Fibrobacter succinogenes is a cellulolytic bacterium present in the rumen of cattle. Beta glucans are its substrate of choice in the rumen and its products after digestion include formate, acetate and succinate...
Candidate phylum TG3
External links
- List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Fibrobacter
- Systema Naturae 2000 Classification: Phylum Fibrobacteres