The Fall of Harran refers to the Babylonia

Babylonia

Babylonia was an ancient cultural region in central-southern Mesopotamia , with Babylon as its capital. Babylonia emerged as a major power when Hammurabi Babylonia was an ancient cultural region in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), with Babylon as its capital. Babylonia emerged as...

n siege and capture of the Assyria

Assyria

Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur...

n city of Harran

Harran

Harran was a major ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia whose site is near the modern village of Altınbaşak, Turkey, 24 miles southeast of Şanlıurfa...

 in 608 BC.

Background

The Assyrians from 639 BC had been suffering a decline in their power, culminating in Neo-Babylonian and Median invasions of their lands. Arrapha

Arrapha

Arrapha was an ancient Assyrian city that existed in what is today the city of Kirkuk, Iraq. The city was founded around 2000 BC and derived its name from the old Assyrian word Arabkha which was later changed to Arrapha...

 fell in 615 BC, followed by Assur

Assur

Assur , was one of the capitals of ancient Assyria. The remains of the city are situated on the western bank of river Tigris, north of the confluence with the tributary Little Zab river, in modern day Iraq, more precisely in the Al-Shirqat District .Assur is also...

 in 614 BC and finally Nineveh in 612 BC, the newest capital of Assyria. Despite the brutal massacres that followed, the Assyrians survived as a political entity and escaped to Harran under their new King Ashur-uballit II

Ashur-uballit II

Ashur-uballit II , was the last king of the Assyrian empire. He reigned in the last capital city of Harran from 612 BC to 609 BC, having escaped Nineveh during the siege and capture of that city by the Babylonian-Mede army in 612 BC....

. Establishing Harran as a capital for the Assyrians caught the attention of the Babylonian King Nabopolassar, who was determined to destroy forever the threat of Assyrian resurgence.

Siege

Assyrian annals record no more after 610 BC - the presumed date of the siege. The siege lasted for another two years before the city finally fell in 608 BC. Not much is known of the siege - it is presumed that Nabopolassar killed Ashur-uballit II.

Aftermath

Despite yet another reverse, the Assyrians did not give up; remnants of the Assyrian army met up with the Egyptian forces that had won at Megiddo

Battle of Megiddo (609 BC)

This Battle of Megiddo is recorded as having taken place in 609 BC with Necho II of Egypt leading his army to Carchemish to fight with his allies the Assyrians against the Babylonians at Carchemish in northern Syria. This required passing through territory controlled by the Kingdom of Judah and...

. In 605 BC, the Babylonians would be more successful as they did battle at Carchemish

Battle of Carchemish

The Battle of Carchemish was fought about 605 BC between the allied armies of Egypt and Assyria against Babylonia.- Background :When the Assyrian capital Nineveh was overrun by the Babylonians in 612 BC, the Assyrians moved their capital to Harran...

.