FS-1016
Encyclopedia
FS-1016 is a deprecated secure telephony
speech encoding
standard developed by the United States Department of Defense
. The standard was finished 1991.
Currently, the CELP algorithm is used. Unlike the vocoder used in FS-1015
, CELP provides more natural speech. However, due to quite low bit rate and early development (1991), the speech quality is very noisy and below that of commercial cellular speech codec like AMR
.
The bit rate of the codec is 4.8 kbit/s. The complexity of the codec is 19 MIPS
. 1.5 kilobytes of RAM is needed. Frame size of the codec is 30 ms. Lookahead
of 7.5 ms is also required.
The variation of CELP used in the FS-1016 is so-called ternary codebook, meaning that all excitation amplitudes are either +1, -1 or 0. The sub frame gain is calculated and sent to the receiver.
The FS-1016 is currently not used since its follower MELP provides better performance in all applications.
Secure telephone
A secure telephone is a telephone that provides voice security in the form of end-to-end encryption for the telephone call, and in some cases also the mutual authentication of the call parties, protecting them against a man-in-the-middle attack...
speech encoding
Speech encoding
Speech coding is the application of data compression of digital audio signals containing speech. Speech coding uses speech-specific parameter estimation using audio signal processing techniques to model the speech signal, combined with generic data compression algorithms to represent the resulting...
standard developed by the United States Department of Defense
United States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense is the U.S...
. The standard was finished 1991.
Currently, the CELP algorithm is used. Unlike the vocoder used in FS-1015
FS-1015
FS-1015 is a secure telephony speech encoding standard developed by the United States Department of Defense and later by NATO. It is also known as LPC-10 and STANAG 4198....
, CELP provides more natural speech. However, due to quite low bit rate and early development (1991), the speech quality is very noisy and below that of commercial cellular speech codec like AMR
Adaptive Multi-Rate
The Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec is a patented audio data compression scheme optimized for speech coding. AMR was adopted as the standard speech codec by 3GPP in October 1999 and is now widely used in GSM and UMTS...
.
The bit rate of the codec is 4.8 kbit/s. The complexity of the codec is 19 MIPS
Instructions per second
Instructions per second is a measure of a computer's processor speed. Many reported IPS values have represented "peak" execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches, whereas realistic workloads typically lead to significantly lower IPS values...
. 1.5 kilobytes of RAM is needed. Frame size of the codec is 30 ms. Lookahead
Lookahead
Lookahead is a tool in algorithms for looking ahead a few more input items before making a cost effective decision at one stage of the algorithm.- Lookahead in search problems :...
of 7.5 ms is also required.
The variation of CELP used in the FS-1016 is so-called ternary codebook, meaning that all excitation amplitudes are either +1, -1 or 0. The sub frame gain is calculated and sent to the receiver.
The FS-1016 is currently not used since its follower MELP provides better performance in all applications.