An extractive reserve is an area of land, generally state

Sovereign state

A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...

-owned where access and use rights, including natural resource extraction, are allocated to local groups or communities.

Extractive preserves limit deforestation both by the local residents preventing deforestation within their reserve, and by acting as a buffer zone

Buffer zone

A buffer zone is generally a zonal area that lies between two or more other areas , but depending on the type of buffer zone, the reason for it may be to segregate regions or to conjoin them....

that keeps ranching and extractive industry out of the forests beyond.