Extraction (chemistry)
Encyclopedia
Extraction in chemistry is a separation process
consisting in the separation of a substance from a matrix
. It may refer to Liquid-liquid extraction
, and Solid phase extraction
.
Other techniques include Supercritical carbon dioxide
extraction, ultrasonic extraction, heat reflux extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, DIC (instant controlled pressure drop).
Separation process
In chemistry and chemical engineering, a separation process, or simply a separation, is any mass transfer process used to convert a mixture of substances into two or more distinct product mixtures, at least one of which is enriched in one or more of the mixture's constituents. In some cases, a...
consisting in the separation of a substance from a matrix
Matrix (chemical analysis)
In chemical analysis, matrix refers to the components of a sample other than the analyte. The matrix can have a considerable effect on the way the analysis is conducted and the quality of the results obtained; such effects are called matrix effects. For example, the ionic strength of the solution...
. It may refer to Liquid-liquid extraction
Liquid-liquid extraction
Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid phase into another liquid...
, and Solid phase extraction
Solid phase extraction
Solid-phase extraction is a separation process by which compounds that are dissolved or suspended in a liquid mixture are separated from other compounds in the mixture according to their physical and chemical properties. Analytical laboratories use solid phase extraction to concentrate and purify...
.
Other techniques include Supercritical carbon dioxide
Supercritical carbon dioxide
Supercritical carbon dioxide is a fluid state of carbon dioxide where it is held at or above its critical temperature and critical pressure.Carbon dioxide usually behaves as a gas in air at STP or as a solid called dry ice when frozen...
extraction, ultrasonic extraction, heat reflux extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, DIC (instant controlled pressure drop).
See also
- ExtractExtractAn extract is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water. Extracts may be sold as tinctures or in powder form....
- Leaching (chemistry), the process of recovering mineral from mines
- Phenol-chloroform extractionPhenol-chloroform extractionPhenol–chloroform extraction is a liquid–liquid extraction technique in biochemistry. It is widely used in molecular biology for isolating DNA, RNA and protein. Equal volumes of a phenol:chloroform mixture and an aqueous sample are mixed, forming a biphasic mixture...
, a method to recover nucleic acids from a biological sample - Soxhlet extractorSoxhlet extractorA Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatusinvented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet. It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. However, a Soxhlet extractor is not limited to the extraction of lipids...