European Voluntary Workers
Encyclopedia
European Voluntary Workers (EVW) was the collective name given to continental Europeans invited by the British government to work in the UK in the immediate Post-World War II period. Schemes inviting workers include Balt Cygnet and later Westward Ho!. In spite its name, Balt Cygnet also accepted applicants from the Ukraine, Poland and other non-Baltic eastern European countries.
The relatively high level of economic growth in the UK during the post-war period led an acute labour shortage within key sectors. EVW:s were first and foremost invited in order to cover the need for low-paid and unskilled work. The majority of EVW:s originated in Easter European countries such as the Ukraine, Poland and Latvia. Since many of these people were displaced because of World War II, also a humanitarian element has been attributed to some of the EVW schemes. In total some 91.000 peopole came to the UK between 1946 and 1949 under the various EVW schemes. EVW:s were initially referred to as ‘Displaced Persons’, since many of the arrivals had been displaced by World War II. This term was however replaced by ‘EVW’ due to its derogatory connotations. In 1953 the term ‘EVW’ was replaced with simply ‘Foreign Workers recruited under the Westward Ho scheme’.
The relatively high level of economic growth in the UK during the post-war period led an acute labour shortage within key sectors. EVW:s were first and foremost invited in order to cover the need for low-paid and unskilled work. The majority of EVW:s originated in Easter European countries such as the Ukraine, Poland and Latvia. Since many of these people were displaced because of World War II, also a humanitarian element has been attributed to some of the EVW schemes. In total some 91.000 peopole came to the UK between 1946 and 1949 under the various EVW schemes. EVW:s were initially referred to as ‘Displaced Persons’, since many of the arrivals had been displaced by World War II. This term was however replaced by ‘EVW’ due to its derogatory connotations. In 1953 the term ‘EVW’ was replaced with simply ‘Foreign Workers recruited under the Westward Ho scheme’.
Criticisms
Some of the schemes in place, such as Balt Cygnet, did not make any provisions for dependents. This also raises questions of the humanitarian aspirations of the British government. These schemes did however experience problems with recruitment, and the most successful scheme ‘West Ward Ho! did accommodate for both children and spouses. EVW:s who came to the UK were generally paid the same wage and had the same rights as British workers. Some did however experience discrimination, especially within trades with strong trade unions. They were for instance often refused positions with more responsibility and were in some places fired before British workers in the case of redundancies.See also
- Polish migration to the United Kingdom
- Immigration to the United Kingdom since 1922Immigration to the United Kingdom since 1922Immigration to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland since 1922 has been substantial, in particular from Ireland and the former colonies and other territories of the British Empire - such as India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Caribbean, South Africa, Kenya and Hong Kong - under...
- Ukrainian diaspora in the United Kingdom
Further reading
- L. McDowell, ‘Narratives of Family, Community and Waged Work: Latvian European Volunteer Worker Women in Post-War Britain’, Women’s History Review, 13:1, 2004.