Ethics and religious culture
Encyclopedia
Ethics and religious culture (Éthique et culture religieuse) is a course taught in all elementary and high schools in Quebec
. It replaces the abolished subject of religion in public schools and is compulsory in all schools: private as well as public. The aim of the subject is to adopt a descriptive approach to the religious heritage of Quebec. The program's twin paramount principles are Recognition of Others and Pursuit of the Common Good. It is also claimed that the course will promote a “culture of dialogue” among students.
The project was adopted under the liberal government of Jean Charest
, and has garnered some controversy. The first year this course has been taught is 2008-2009.
Many condemned the fact that the State is imposing a vision of morals and religion (or lack thereof), while in a democratic society this is the purview of parents.
The parents lost their court case and decided to bring their cause to the Supreme Court of Canada.
The parents have been rewarded by the Catholics Civil Right League's yearly award for their defense of parents' free choice in education.
The Supreme Court has granted the parents leave to appeal. The case was heard on the 18th of May 2011 by the highest tribunal in Canada. A summary of the legal issues at stake is listed on the Supreme Court's site. The parents' factum is to be found here.
Apart from the original parties, 8 additional parties have been granted the status of interveners (a pointer is supplied to the party's factum):
The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada has written a FAQ in layman's terms explaining what it sees as the issues at stake and how this court case differs from the Loyola one.
Two court reports have been published, one in English by a writer of the Catholic register, another more detailed in French by a parent in favour of parents being exempt of this course if they so wish.
Loyola High has won its course case, it is now exempt for the ERC course and may teach its equivalent catholic course. On the 18th of June 2010, Superior Court Justice Gerard Dugre compared the attempt of the education minister to impose a secular emphasis on Loyola High School's teaching of the course to the intolerance of the Spanish Inquisition: "The obligation imposed on Loyola to teach the ethics and religious culture course in a lay fashion assumes a totalitarian character essentially equivalent to Galileo's being ordered by the Inquisition to deny the Copernican universe," the judge wrote in his 63-page decision, .
announced the formation of a grassroots organization to represent "a response of Orthodox Judaism to the Ethics and Religious Culture program." The organization, calling itself the Council on Jewish Education in Quebec, commended the Quebec government for championing the cause of universal friendship among human beings, and for identifying "Recognition of Others" and "Pursuit of the Common Good" as values to be taught. However, the organization contended that because Orthodox Jews are required according to Torah law to limit their study of theology to the theology of the Torah, the curriculum should consist of the Noahide Code. The "Hade'ah Vihaddibur" online Orthodox Jewish weekly neawspaper reported a comparable sentiment expressed by the Israeli halakhic decisor Yosef Shalom Eliashiv. Consistent with this response, the Montreal Gazette, in an op/ed published on June 6, 2009 (p. B6), noted that Quebec Jewish school curricula are exclusively loyal to the theology of the Torah.
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....
. It replaces the abolished subject of religion in public schools and is compulsory in all schools: private as well as public. The aim of the subject is to adopt a descriptive approach to the religious heritage of Quebec. The program's twin paramount principles are Recognition of Others and Pursuit of the Common Good. It is also claimed that the course will promote a “culture of dialogue” among students.
The project was adopted under the liberal government of Jean Charest
Jean Charest
John James "Jean" Charest, PC, MNA is a Canadian politician who has been the 29th Premier of Quebec since 2003. He was leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1993 to 1998 and has been leader of the Quebec Liberal Party since 1998....
, and has garnered some controversy. The first year this course has been taught is 2008-2009.
Controversy
The course has been opposed by three main groups:- Secularists from the Mouvement laïque québécois because the curriculum tends, for them, to be too respectful of all religions and may influence children;
- French nationalists who accuse the program to be a kind of Multiculturalism 101; (See this Action Nationale article.)
- A coalition of parents drawn from different denominations (the Coalition pour la liberté en éducation) which condemn the course for different reasons: they see it as relativistic, contrary to their faith.
Many condemned the fact that the State is imposing a vision of morals and religion (or lack thereof), while in a democratic society this is the purview of parents.
Court cases
Two legal challenges have been launched against the compulsory nature of this course.Public school exemption
A court case against the ERC curriculum was heard from the 11th to the 15th of May, 2009 in Quebec’s Superior Court in Drummondville. Two Catholic parents are challenging the school’s refusal of an exemption for both their first grader and their sixteen-year-old who is in last year of high school. They are arguing that the course’s contents puts their children’s faith at risk by being premature, relativistic, polytheistic and teaching ethics detached from the parents' moral framework. This will most likely be a test case for Quebec parents.The parents lost their court case and decided to bring their cause to the Supreme Court of Canada.
The parents have been rewarded by the Catholics Civil Right League's yearly award for their defense of parents' free choice in education.
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court has granted the parents leave to appeal. The case was heard on the 18th of May 2011 by the highest tribunal in Canada. A summary of the legal issues at stake is listed on the Supreme Court's site. The parents' factum is to be found here.
Apart from the original parties, 8 additional parties have been granted the status of interveners (a pointer is supplied to the party's factum):
- Christian Legal Fellowship;
- Canadian Civil Liberties Association;
- Coalition pour la liberté en éducation;
- Evangelical Fellowship of Canada;
- Regroupement chrétien pour le droit parental en éducation;
- Canadian Council of Christian Charities;
- Fédération des commissions scolaires du Québec (did not present oral arguments);
- Canadian Catholic School Trustees' Association.
The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada has written a FAQ in layman's terms explaining what it sees as the issues at stake and how this court case differs from the Loyola one.
Two court reports have been published, one in English by a writer of the Catholic register, another more detailed in French by a parent in favour of parents being exempt of this course if they so wish.
Private school exemption
A private Catholic high school, Loyola High School in Montreal, also launched a court challenge. Loyola High is challenging the fact that the Department of Education has not allowed it to teach what it deems an equivalent ethics and religion course better fitting the Catholic outlook of the school. It is alleged that the Department has done so despite provisions in the law that would allow such an equivalent course.Loyola High has won its course case, it is now exempt for the ERC course and may teach its equivalent catholic course. On the 18th of June 2010, Superior Court Justice Gerard Dugre compared the attempt of the education minister to impose a secular emphasis on Loyola High School's teaching of the course to the intolerance of the Spanish Inquisition: "The obligation imposed on Loyola to teach the ethics and religious culture course in a lay fashion assumes a totalitarian character essentially equivalent to Galileo's being ordered by the Inquisition to deny the Copernican universe," the judge wrote in his 63-page decision, .
Surveys
Several polls have shown the Quebec population to be polarized around this course. While 45% oppose the course, in October 2008, 72% wanted parents to be able to choose the moral and religious training their children will get at school: the new ERC course or a traditional denominational religion course. In May 2009, the proportion of Quebecers wanting this choice had risen to 76%.Jewish community response
On May 28, 2009, the Canadian Jewish NewsCanadian Jewish News
The Canadian Jewish News is a weekly, English-language tabloid-sized newspaper serving Canada's Jewish community. Though independent, the newspaper has been, since 1971, owned by a group of Jewish leaders involved with Canadian Jewish Congress...
announced the formation of a grassroots organization to represent "a response of Orthodox Judaism to the Ethics and Religious Culture program." The organization, calling itself the Council on Jewish Education in Quebec, commended the Quebec government for championing the cause of universal friendship among human beings, and for identifying "Recognition of Others" and "Pursuit of the Common Good" as values to be taught. However, the organization contended that because Orthodox Jews are required according to Torah law to limit their study of theology to the theology of the Torah, the curriculum should consist of the Noahide Code. The "Hade'ah Vihaddibur" online Orthodox Jewish weekly neawspaper reported a comparable sentiment expressed by the Israeli halakhic decisor Yosef Shalom Eliashiv. Consistent with this response, the Montreal Gazette, in an op/ed published on June 6, 2009 (p. B6), noted that Quebec Jewish school curricula are exclusively loyal to the theology of the Torah.