Epipaschiinae
Encyclopedia
The Epipaschiinae are a subfamily of snout moths (family
Pyralidae). Almost 600 species are known today, which are found mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Some occur in temperate regions, but the subfamily is apparently completely absent from Europe, at least as native species. A few Epipaschiinae are crop pests that may occasionally become economically significant.
By contrast, the adult males of Epipaschiinae are easier to recognize, and three of their traits support the assumption that Epipaschiinae are a natural, monophyletic group:
In addition, in most cases the adult males of this subfamily have a conspicuous scaled projection from the scape of the antennae.
The caterpillar
larvae are leaf rollers, leaf tiers and leafminers. As pests, they infest such diverse plants as Persea americana (avocado), Swietenia
(mahoganies), or Zea mays (corn). However, they are usually a mere nuisance and do not cause large-scale crop failure.
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Pyralidae). Almost 600 species are known today, which are found mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Some occur in temperate regions, but the subfamily is apparently completely absent from Europe, at least as native species. A few Epipaschiinae are crop pests that may occasionally become economically significant.
Description and ecology
Adult females are often hard to dstinguish from related lineages, and even the larvae do not possess the characteristic sclerotized bristle base near the start of the abdomen, whose position is a tell-tale mark of the other subfamilies of Pyralidae.By contrast, the adult males of Epipaschiinae are easier to recognize, and three of their traits support the assumption that Epipaschiinae are a natural, monophyletic group:
- an always upturned and pointed third segment of the labial palpi
- a ventrally curved phallobase of the male which usually extends beyond the ductus ejaculatorius
- the weakly sclerotised tegumen.
In addition, in most cases the adult males of this subfamily have a conspicuous scaled projection from the scape of the antennae.
The caterpillar
Caterpillar
Caterpillars are the larval form of members of the order Lepidoptera . They are mostly herbivorous in food habit, although some species are insectivorous. Caterpillars are voracious feeders and many of them are considered to be pests in agriculture...
larvae are leaf rollers, leaf tiers and leafminers. As pests, they infest such diverse plants as Persea americana (avocado), Swietenia
Swietenia
Swietenia is a genus of trees in the chinaberry family, Meliaceae. It occurs natively in the Neotropics, from southern Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico and Central America south to Bolivia...
(mahoganies), or Zea mays (corn). However, they are usually a mere nuisance and do not cause large-scale crop failure.
Systematics
Solis provided a phylogenetic analysis of 20 genera of the Pococera complex (consisting of some 300 species in the Western Hemisphere) in 1993, representing the first cladistic analysis of a pyraloid group.- AccinctapubesAccinctapubesAccinctapubes is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Epipaschiinae. It was described by Solis, 1993, and is known from Costa Rica and Paraguay.-Species:* Accinctapubes albifasciata...
Solis, 1993 - AgastophanesAgastophanesAgastophanes is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Turner, in 1937. It contains the species Agastophanes zophoxysta, known from Queensland, Australia....
Turner, 1937 - AnaeglisAnaeglisAnaeglis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Lederer, in 1863, and contains the species A. demissalis. It is found in Brazil....
Lederer, 1863 - AnarnatulaAnarnatulaAnarnatula is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Dyar, in 1918.-Species:*Anarnatula hyporhoda Dyar, 1918*Anarnatula subflavida *Anarnatula sylea...
DyarHarrison Gray Dyar, Jr.Harrison Gray Dyar, Jr., born February 14, 1866 in New York City, died January 21, 1929, in Washington, D.C., was a son of Harrison Gray Dyar and his wife Eleonora Rosella . Dyar graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1889 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry...
, 1918 - AnexophanaAnexophanaAnexophana is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Viette, in 1960, and contains the species A. robinsonalis. It is found on Madagascar....
Viette, 1960 - ApoceraApoceraApocera is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Schaus, in 1912.-Species:* Apocera colorata * Apocera costata Schaus, 1912* Apocera vincentia * Apocera zographica...
Schaus, 1912 (= Paranatula DyarHarrison Gray Dyar, Jr.Harrison Gray Dyar, Jr., born February 14, 1866 in New York City, died January 21, 1929, in Washington, D.C., was a son of Harrison Gray Dyar and his wife Eleonora Rosella . Dyar graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1889 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry...
, 1913) - AraeopaschiaAraeopaschiaAraeopaschia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Hampson, in 1906.-Species:* Araeopaschia demotis * Araeopaschia normalis * Araeopaschia rufescentalis Hampson, 1906...
Hampson, 1906 (= Aroeopaschia Amsel, 1956) - AstrapometisAstrapometisAstrapometis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Meyrick, in 1884, and contains the species A. saburalis. It is found in Australia....
Meyrick, 1884 - AustropaschiaAustropaschiaAustropaschia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Hampson, in 1916, and contains the species A. porrigens. It is found in Australia....
Hampson, 1916 - Axiocrita Turner, 1913
- Bibasilaris Solis, 1993
- CacozeliaCacozeliaCacozelia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Grote, 1878, and is known from Venezuela.-Species:* Cacozelia basiochrealis Grote, 1878* Cacozelia elegans * Cacozelia interruptella ...
Grote, 1878 - CalybitiaCalybitiaCalybitia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Schaus, in 1922, and contains the species C. adolescens, which is found in Guatemala....
Schaus, 1922 - Canipsa Walker, 1866 (= Sarama Moore, 1888, Scopocera Moore, 1888)
- CartharaCartharaCarthara is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker in 1865, and is known from Colombia.-Species:* Carthara abrupta Zeller, 1881* Carthara albicosta Walker, 1865...
Walker, 1865 (= Leptosphetta Butler, 1878, Pycnulia Zeller, 1881) - CatalaodesCatalaodesCatalaodes is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Viette in 1953, and is known from Madagascar. It contains the species C. malgassicalis, which is found in Madagascar....
Viette, 1953 - CatamolaCatamolaCatamola is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Meyrick in 1884, and is known from Australia.-Species:* Catamola funerea * Catamola xanthomelalis...
Meyrick, 1884 (= Elaphernis Meyrick, 1936) - CecidiptaCecidiptaCecidipta is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Berg in 1877, and is known from Brazil.-Species:* Cecidipta cecidiptoides* Cecidipta excoecariae Berg, 1877* Cecidipta major * Cecidipta teffealis...
Berg, 1877 (= Acecidipta Amsel, 1956) - ChloropaschiaChloropaschiaChloropaschia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Hampson, in 1906, and is known from Brazil, and Venezuela.-Species:* Chloropaschia adesia* Chloropaschia afflicta* Chloropaschia agathoa* Chloropaschia aniana...
Hampson, 1906 - CoenodomusCoenodomusCoenodomus is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walsingham in 1888, and is known from India, Papua New Guinea, Bhután, the Phillipines, the United States, Indonesia, China, and Sri Lanka.-Species:* Coenodomus aglossalis...
Walsingham, 1888 (= Alippa Aurivillius, 1894, Dyaria Neumoegen, 1893) - Dasyvesica Solis, 1991
- Deuterollyta Lederer, 1863 (= Ajacania Schaus, 1925, Ajocara Schaus, 1925, Oedomia Dognin, 1906, Winona Hulst, 1888)
- Doddiana Turner, 1902
- Earoctenis Meyrick, 1936
- Elisabethinia Ghesquière, 1942
- Ephedrophila Dumont, 1928
- Epilepia Janse, 1931
- Epipaschia Clemens, 1860
- Eublemmodes Gaede, 1917
- Geropaschia Hampson, 1917 (= Araeopaschia Hampson, 1916)
- Glossopaschia DyarHarrison Gray Dyar, Jr.Harrison Gray Dyar, Jr., born February 14, 1866 in New York City, died January 21, 1929, in Washington, D.C., was a son of Harrison Gray Dyar and his wife Eleonora Rosella . Dyar graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1889 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry...
, 1914 - Heminomistis Meyrick, 1933
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Lederer, 1863 - Incarcha DyarHarrison Gray Dyar, Jr.Harrison Gray Dyar, Jr., born February 14, 1866 in New York City, died January 21, 1929, in Washington, D.C., was a son of Harrison Gray Dyar and his wife Eleonora Rosella . Dyar graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1889 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry...
, 1910 - Isolopha Hampson, 1895 (= Islopha Janse, 1931)
- Jocara Walker, 1863
- Lacalma Janse, 1931
- Lameerea Ghesquière, 1942
- Lamida Walker, 1859 (= Allata Walker, 1863)
- Lepidogma Meyrick, 1890 (= Asopina Christoph, 1893, Precopia Ragonot, 1891)
- Lepipaschia J. C. Shaffer & Solis, 1994
- Leptoses Ghesquière, 1942
- Lista Walker, 1859 (= Belonepholis Butler, 1889, Craneophora Christoph, 1881, Paracme Lederer, 1863)
- Locastra Walker, 1859 (= Taurica Walker, 1866)
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Walker, 1859 (= Aradrapha Walker, 1866, Mochlocera Grote, 1876, Pseudomacalla Dognin, 1908) - Mazdacis Solis, 1993
- Mediavia Solis, 1993
- Micropaschia Hampson, 1906
- Milgithea Schaus, 1922 (= Miligithea Neave, 1940)
- Mimaglossa Warren, 1891
- Neopaschia Janse, 1922
- Noctuides Staudinger, 1892 (= Anartula Staudinger, 1893, Arnatula Hampson, 1896, Parorthaga Hampson, 1896)
- Nouanda Holland & Schaus, 1925
- Nyctereutica Turner, 1904 (= Diastrophica Turner, 1937)
- Obutobea Ghesquière, 1942
- Odontopaschia Hampson, 1903
- Omphalepia Hampson, 1906
- Omphalota Hampson, 1899
- OneidaOneida- Native American/First Nations :* Oneida people, a Native American/First Nations people and one of the five founding nations of the Iroquois Confederacy* Oneida language* Oneida Indian Nation, based in New York...
Hulst, 1889 - Orthaga Walker, 1859 (= Edeta Walker, 1859, Hyperbalanotis Warren, 1891, Pannucha Moore, 1888, Proboscidophora Warren, 1891)
- Oxyalcia Dognin, 1905
- Pandoflabella Solis, 1993
- Parastericta Janse, 1931
- Peplochora Meyrick, 1933
- Phidotricha Ragonot, 1889 (= Eutrichocera Hampson, 1904, Jocarula DyarHarrison Gray Dyar, Jr.Harrison Gray Dyar, Jr., born February 14, 1866 in New York City, died January 21, 1929, in Washington, D.C., was a son of Harrison Gray Dyar and his wife Eleonora Rosella . Dyar graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1889 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry...
, 1925) - Plumiphora Janse, 1931
- Plutopaschia Hampson, 1917
- PococeraPococeraPococera is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Epipaschiinae. It was described by Zeller in 1848.-Species:*Pococera adolescens Dyar, 1914*Pococera aelredella *Pococera albiceps *Pococera albulella Hampson, 1896...
Zeller, 1848 (= Attacapa Hulst, 1889, Auradisa Walker, 1866, Benta Walker, 1863, Hemimatia Lederer, 1863, Katona Hulst, 1888, Lanthaphe Clemens, 1860, Lanthape Hulst, 1903, Loma Hulst, 1888, Saluda Hulst, 1888, Tetralopha Zeller, 1848, Tioga Hulst, 1888, Afra Ghesquière, 1942, Wanda Hulst, 1888) - Poliopaschia Hampson, 1916
- Polylophota Hampson, 1906
- Pseudocera Walker, 1863
- Quadraforma Solis, 1993
- Rhynchopaschia Hampson, 1906
- Roeseliodes Warren, 1891
- Salma Walker, 1863 (= Calinipaxa Walker, 1866, Enchesphora Turner, 1913, Exacosmia Walker, 1865, Heterobella Turner, 1904, Heterobela Turner, 1904, Orthotrichophora Warren, 1891, = Parasarama Warren, 1890, Parasamera Sharp, 1892, Pseudolocastra Snellen, 1890, Pseudolocastra Warren, 1891)
- Schoutedenidea Ghesquière, 1942
- Sparactica Meyrick, 1938
- Spectrotrota Warren, 1891
- Speiroceras Chrétien, 1911
- Stericta Lederer, 1863 (= Glossina Guenée, 1854, Matalia Walker, 1866, Oncobela Turner, 1937, Phialia Walker, 1866)
- Sultania Koçak, 1987
- Taiwanastrapometis Shibuya, 1928
- Tallula Hulst, 1888
- Tancoa Schaus, 1922
- Teliphasa Moore, 1888 (= Sultania Koçak, 1987)
- Termioptycha Meyrick, 1889 (= Sialocyttara Turner, 1913)
- Tineopaschia Hampson, 1916
- Titanoceros Meyrick, 1884
- Toripalpus Grote, 1878
- Trichotophysa Warren, 1896
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Hulst, 1889