Engler system
Encyclopedia
One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler
.
According to Engler, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1924) the main groups of plants are:
In modern classifications, Engler's divisions I - XI are not considered plants but are classified in other groups (although some botanists do accept Engler's divisions VII and VIII, the "green algae
", as plants).
Adolf Engler
Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler was a German botanist. He is notable for his work on plant taxonomy and phytogeography, like Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien , edited with Karl A. E...
.
According to Engler, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1924) the main groups of plants are:
- I. divisio Schizophyta
- II. divisio Phytosarcodina
- III. divisio Flagellatae
- IV. divisio Dinoflagellatae
- V. divisio Bacillariophyta
- VI. divisio Conjugatae
- VII. divisio Chlorophyceae
- VIII. divisio Charophyta
- IX. divisio Phaeophyceae
- X. divisio Rhodophyceae
- XI. divisio Eumycetes
- XII. divisio Embryophyta asiphonogama
- 1 subdivisio Bryophyta
- 2 subdivisio Pteridophyta
- XIII. divisio Embryophyta siphonogama
- 1 subdivisio Gymnospermae
- 2 subdivisio Angiospermae
- 1 classis Monocotyledoneae
-
- ordo HelobiaeHelobiaeHelobiae is a botanical name, and is no longer valid. It was used in the Engler and Wettsteins systems of plant taxonomy for an order of flowering plants; in the latter system it had this circumscription:* order Helobiae*: family Alismataceae...
- ordo TriuridalesTriuridalesTriuridales was an order of flower plants that was used in the well-known Cronquist system, in the subclass Alismatidae, with this circumscription:* order Triuridales*: family Petrosaviaceae*: family Triuridaceae...
- ordo LiliifloraeLiliifloraeLiliiflorae is a botanical name, which may be used for a taxon at a rank above that of family, but not for a rank where Art. 16 or 17 of the ICBN prescribes a standardised ending....
- ordo JuncalesJuncalesJuncales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. In the Engler system and in the Cronquist system it is circumscribed as:* order Juncales*: family Juncaceae...
- ordo BromelialesBromelialesThe Bromeliales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by a few systems of plant taxonomy, with a various placement. It appears that it always has had the same circumscription:...
- ordo CommelinalesCommelinalesCommelinales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 800 species in about 70 genera; the majority of species are in the Commelinaceae...
- ordo Graminales
- ordo PrincipesPrincipesPrincipes were spearmen, and later swordsmen, in the armies of the early Roman Republic. They were men in the prime of their lives who were fairly wealthy, and could afford decent equipment. They were the heavier infantry of the legion who carried large shields and wore good quality armour. Their...
- ordo Synanthae
- ordo Spathiflorae
- ordo PandanalesPandanalesPandanales is an order of flowering plants, with a pantropical distribution.The APG III system places the Pandanales in the monocots. Both the APG III and APG II systems include five families in this order:* Cyclanthaceae* Pandanaceae* Stemonaceae...
- ordo CyperalesCyperalesCyperales is a name for an order of flowering plants. As used in the Engler system and in the Wettstein system it consisted of only the single family...
- ordo ScitamineaeScitamineaeScitamineae is a descriptive botanical name. Historically it has been applied to a remarkably stable group of flowering plants:* at the rank of family in the Bentham & Hooker system , placed in order Epigynae in the Monocotyledones...
- ordo MicrospermaeMicrospermaeMicrospermae is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It is a descriptive name referring to the size of the seed; it was used for the order containing the orchids....
- ordo Helobiae
-
- 2 classis Dicotyledoneae
- 1 classis Monocotyledoneae
In modern classifications, Engler's divisions I - XI are not considered plants but are classified in other groups (although some botanists do accept Engler's divisions VII and VIII, the "green algae
Green algae
The green algae are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes emerged. As such, they form a paraphyletic group, although the group including both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic...
", as plants).