Energy certificate
Encyclopedia
An energy certificate is a transferable certificate, record or guarantee, in any form (including electronic) in relation to the amount of a specific type of energy
or material goods consumed by an energy conversion device in the production of a quantity of energy or material goods and/or the attributes of the method and quality of its production
.
Energy certificates for renewable energy are also referred as:
Energy certificates issued under national legislation are normally used to provide evidence of compliance with an obligation on electricity producers, suppliers or consumers to use energy of a specific type or in order to qualify for financial support: qualifying plant are often high-quality cogenerators, or produce electricity from renewable sources. Examples of this within Europe are the Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) issued under the Renewables Obligation
, and Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs) issued under the Climate Change Levy
- originally part of the Finance Act 2001 - within the UK; Certificati Verdi within Italy; Elcerts within Sweden; and also within the three regions (Brussels, Flanders and Wallonia) of Belgium. At the time of writing, almost all such support schemes are national in character only, the transfer of certificates to and from other countries not being the intention of the policymakers. A notable exception is the Climate Change Levy
: LECs are issued by the UK regulator to electricity producers both in the UK and in a number of European countries and exported to the UK, where they are purchased as proof of production of renewable energy production.
The European Union has also created internationally-transferable "guarantees of origin" to provide proof to consumers of the source of their electricity, as required by Directive 2009/72/EC: these are used by electricity suppliers when calculating the proportions of energy sources (e.g. fossil, nuclear etc.) in their supplied energy; and by government in calculating the "residual mix" (i.e. the blend of different sources of electricity produced in a country, adjusted for imports and exports. Directive 2009/28/EC
An energy certificate is a transferable certificate, record or guarantee, in any form (including electronic) in relation to the amount of a specific type of energy
or material goods consumed by an energy conversion device in the production of a quantity of energy or material goods and/or the attributes of the method and quality of its production
.
Energy certificates for renewable energy are also referred as:
Energy certificates issued under national legislation are normally used to provide evidence of compliance with an obligation on electricity producers, suppliers or consumers to use energy of a specific type or in order to qualify for financial support: qualifying plant are often high-quality cogenerators, or produce electricity from renewable sources. Examples of this within Europe are the Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) issued under the Renewables Obligation
, and Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs) issued under the Climate Change Levy
- originally part of the Finance Act 2001 - within the UK; Certificati Verdi within Italy; Elcerts within Sweden; and also within the three regions (Brussels, Flanders and Wallonia) of Belgium. At the time of writing, almost all such support schemes are national in character only, the transfer of certificates to and from other countries not being the intention of the policymakers. A notable exception is the Climate Change Levy
: LECs are issued by the UK regulator to electricity producers both in the UK and in a number of European countries and exported to the UK, where they are purchased as proof of production of renewable energy production.
The European Union has also created internationally-transferable "guarantees of origin" to provide proof to consumers of the source of their electricity, as required by Directive 2009/72/EC: these are used by electricity suppliers when calculating the proportions of energy sources (e.g. fossil, nuclear etc.) in their supplied energy; and by government in calculating the "residual mix" (i.e. the blend of different sources of electricity produced in a country, adjusted for imports and exports. Directive 2009/28/EC
An energy certificate is a transferable certificate, record or guarantee, in any form (including electronic) in relation to the amount of a specific type of energy
or material goods consumed by an energy conversion device in the production of a quantity of energy or material goods and/or the attributes of the method and quality of its production
.
Energy certificates for renewable energy are also referred as:
Energy certificates issued under national legislation are normally used to provide evidence of compliance with an obligation on electricity producers, suppliers or consumers to use energy of a specific type or in order to qualify for financial support: qualifying plant are often high-quality cogenerators, or produce electricity from renewable sources. Examples of this within Europe are the Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) issued under the Renewables Obligation
, and Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs) issued under the Climate Change Levy
- originally part of the Finance Act 2001 - within the UK; Certificati Verdi within Italy; Elcerts within Sweden; and also within the three regions (Brussels, Flanders and Wallonia) of Belgium. At the time of writing, almost all such support schemes are national in character only, the transfer of certificates to and from other countries not being the intention of the policymakers. A notable exception is the Climate Change Levy
: LECs are issued by the UK regulator to electricity producers both in the UK and in a number of European countries and exported to the UK, where they are purchased as proof of production of renewable energy production.
The European Union has also created internationally-transferable "guarantees of origin" to provide proof to consumers of the source of their electricity, as required by Directive 2009/72/EC: these are used by electricity suppliers when calculating the proportions of energy sources (e.g. fossil, nuclear etc.) in their supplied energy; and by government in calculating the "residual mix" (i.e. the blend of different sources of electricity produced in a country, adjusted for imports and exports. Directive 2009/28/ECDirective 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC and Directive 2004/8/ECDirective 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC Text with EEA relevance give life to (respectively) guarantees of origin for renewable energy and highly-efficient cogeneration, for use within the European Union and those countries with which it is bound by treaty (currently the European Economic Area
and Energy Community
of South East Europe countries). The international transfer of guarantees of origin is facilitated by the Association of Issuing Bodies
' European Energy Certificate System
.
Support certificates are also used in the United States of America, Australia, Turkey and Japan. They are under consideration elsewhere, including Russia and South Africa.
Energy
In physics, energy is an indirectly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems...
or material goods consumed by an energy conversion device in the production of a quantity of energy or material goods and/or the attributes of the method and quality of its production
Production, costs, and pricing
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to industrial organization:Industrial organization – describes the behavior of firms in the marketplace with regard to production, pricing, employment and other decisions...
.
Energy certificates for renewable energy are also referred as:
- Tradable Renewable Energy Certificates (TRECs)
- Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs)
- Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
- Guarantee of originGuarantee of originSince electricity is a commodity, it used to be impossible to claim any specific quality for a particular quantity of electricity. However the use of guarantees of origin is changing this...
(GO) - Green tagsGreen tagsRenewable Energy Certificates , also known as Green tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates , are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour of electricity was generated...
- Renewable Energy Credits.
Energy certificates issued under national legislation are normally used to provide evidence of compliance with an obligation on electricity producers, suppliers or consumers to use energy of a specific type or in order to qualify for financial support: qualifying plant are often high-quality cogenerators, or produce electricity from renewable sources. Examples of this within Europe are the Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) issued under the Renewables Obligation
Renewables Obligation
The Renewables Obligation is designed to encourage generation of electricity from eligible renewable sources in the United Kingdom. It was introduced in England and Wales and in a different form in Scotland in April 2002 and in Northern Ireland in April 2005, replacing the Non-Fossil Fuel...
, and Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs) issued under the Climate Change Levy
Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy is a tax on energy delivered to non-domestic users in the United Kingdom. Its aim is to provide an incentive to increase energy efficiency and to reduce carbon emissions, however there have been ongoing calls to replace it with a proper carbon tax.-Scope and...
- originally part of the Finance Act 2001 - within the UK; Certificati Verdi within Italy; Elcerts within Sweden; and also within the three regions (Brussels, Flanders and Wallonia) of Belgium. At the time of writing, almost all such support schemes are national in character only, the transfer of certificates to and from other countries not being the intention of the policymakers. A notable exception is the Climate Change Levy
Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy is a tax on energy delivered to non-domestic users in the United Kingdom. Its aim is to provide an incentive to increase energy efficiency and to reduce carbon emissions, however there have been ongoing calls to replace it with a proper carbon tax.-Scope and...
: LECs are issued by the UK regulator to electricity producers both in the UK and in a number of European countries and exported to the UK, where they are purchased as proof of production of renewable energy production.
The European Union has also created internationally-transferable "guarantees of origin" to provide proof to consumers of the source of their electricity, as required by Directive 2009/72/EC: these are used by electricity suppliers when calculating the proportions of energy sources (e.g. fossil, nuclear etc.) in their supplied energy; and by government in calculating the "residual mix" (i.e. the blend of different sources of electricity produced in a country, adjusted for imports and exports. Directive 2009/28/EC
An energy certificate is a transferable certificate, record or guarantee, in any form (including electronic) in relation to the amount of a specific type of energy
Energy
In physics, energy is an indirectly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems...
or material goods consumed by an energy conversion device in the production of a quantity of energy or material goods and/or the attributes of the method and quality of its production
Production, costs, and pricing
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to industrial organization:Industrial organization – describes the behavior of firms in the marketplace with regard to production, pricing, employment and other decisions...
.
Energy certificates for renewable energy are also referred as:
- Tradable Renewable Energy Certificates (TRECs)
- Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs)
- Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
- Guarantee of originGuarantee of originSince electricity is a commodity, it used to be impossible to claim any specific quality for a particular quantity of electricity. However the use of guarantees of origin is changing this...
(GO) - Green tagsGreen tagsRenewable Energy Certificates , also known as Green tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates , are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour of electricity was generated...
- Renewable Energy Credits.
Energy certificates issued under national legislation are normally used to provide evidence of compliance with an obligation on electricity producers, suppliers or consumers to use energy of a specific type or in order to qualify for financial support: qualifying plant are often high-quality cogenerators, or produce electricity from renewable sources. Examples of this within Europe are the Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) issued under the Renewables Obligation
Renewables Obligation
The Renewables Obligation is designed to encourage generation of electricity from eligible renewable sources in the United Kingdom. It was introduced in England and Wales and in a different form in Scotland in April 2002 and in Northern Ireland in April 2005, replacing the Non-Fossil Fuel...
, and Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs) issued under the Climate Change Levy
Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy is a tax on energy delivered to non-domestic users in the United Kingdom. Its aim is to provide an incentive to increase energy efficiency and to reduce carbon emissions, however there have been ongoing calls to replace it with a proper carbon tax.-Scope and...
- originally part of the Finance Act 2001 - within the UK; Certificati Verdi within Italy; Elcerts within Sweden; and also within the three regions (Brussels, Flanders and Wallonia) of Belgium. At the time of writing, almost all such support schemes are national in character only, the transfer of certificates to and from other countries not being the intention of the policymakers. A notable exception is the Climate Change Levy
Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy is a tax on energy delivered to non-domestic users in the United Kingdom. Its aim is to provide an incentive to increase energy efficiency and to reduce carbon emissions, however there have been ongoing calls to replace it with a proper carbon tax.-Scope and...
: LECs are issued by the UK regulator to electricity producers both in the UK and in a number of European countries and exported to the UK, where they are purchased as proof of production of renewable energy production.
The European Union has also created internationally-transferable "guarantees of origin" to provide proof to consumers of the source of their electricity, as required by Directive 2009/72/EC: these are used by electricity suppliers when calculating the proportions of energy sources (e.g. fossil, nuclear etc.) in their supplied energy; and by government in calculating the "residual mix" (i.e. the blend of different sources of electricity produced in a country, adjusted for imports and exports. Directive 2009/28/EC
An energy certificate is a transferable certificate, record or guarantee, in any form (including electronic) in relation to the amount of a specific type of energy
Energy
In physics, energy is an indirectly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems...
or material goods consumed by an energy conversion device in the production of a quantity of energy or material goods and/or the attributes of the method and quality of its production
Production, costs, and pricing
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to industrial organization:Industrial organization – describes the behavior of firms in the marketplace with regard to production, pricing, employment and other decisions...
.
Energy certificates for renewable energy are also referred as:
- Tradable Renewable Energy Certificates (TRECs)
- Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs)
- Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
- Guarantee of originGuarantee of originSince electricity is a commodity, it used to be impossible to claim any specific quality for a particular quantity of electricity. However the use of guarantees of origin is changing this...
(GO) - Green tagsGreen tagsRenewable Energy Certificates , also known as Green tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates , are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour of electricity was generated...
- Renewable Energy Credits.
Energy certificates issued under national legislation are normally used to provide evidence of compliance with an obligation on electricity producers, suppliers or consumers to use energy of a specific type or in order to qualify for financial support: qualifying plant are often high-quality cogenerators, or produce electricity from renewable sources. Examples of this within Europe are the Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) issued under the Renewables Obligation
Renewables Obligation
The Renewables Obligation is designed to encourage generation of electricity from eligible renewable sources in the United Kingdom. It was introduced in England and Wales and in a different form in Scotland in April 2002 and in Northern Ireland in April 2005, replacing the Non-Fossil Fuel...
, and Levy Exemption Certificates (LECs) issued under the Climate Change Levy
Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy is a tax on energy delivered to non-domestic users in the United Kingdom. Its aim is to provide an incentive to increase energy efficiency and to reduce carbon emissions, however there have been ongoing calls to replace it with a proper carbon tax.-Scope and...
- originally part of the Finance Act 2001 - within the UK; Certificati Verdi within Italy; Elcerts within Sweden; and also within the three regions (Brussels, Flanders and Wallonia) of Belgium. At the time of writing, almost all such support schemes are national in character only, the transfer of certificates to and from other countries not being the intention of the policymakers. A notable exception is the Climate Change Levy
Climate Change Levy
The Climate Change Levy is a tax on energy delivered to non-domestic users in the United Kingdom. Its aim is to provide an incentive to increase energy efficiency and to reduce carbon emissions, however there have been ongoing calls to replace it with a proper carbon tax.-Scope and...
: LECs are issued by the UK regulator to electricity producers both in the UK and in a number of European countries and exported to the UK, where they are purchased as proof of production of renewable energy production.
The European Union has also created internationally-transferable "guarantees of origin" to provide proof to consumers of the source of their electricity, as required by Directive 2009/72/EC: these are used by electricity suppliers when calculating the proportions of energy sources (e.g. fossil, nuclear etc.) in their supplied energy; and by government in calculating the "residual mix" (i.e. the blend of different sources of electricity produced in a country, adjusted for imports and exports. Directive 2009/28/ECDirective 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC and Directive 2004/8/ECDirective 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC Text with EEA relevance give life to (respectively) guarantees of origin for renewable energy and highly-efficient cogeneration, for use within the European Union and those countries with which it is bound by treaty (currently the European Economic Area
European Economic Area
The European Economic Area was established on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between the member states of the European Free Trade Association and the European Community, later the European Union . Specifically, it allows Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway to participate in the EU's Internal...
and Energy Community
Energy Community
The Energy Community is a community established between the European Union and a number of third countries in order to extend the EU internal energy market to Southeast Europe and beyond...
of South East Europe countries). The international transfer of guarantees of origin is facilitated by the Association of Issuing Bodies
Association of Issuing Bodies
The Association of Issuing Bodies - the AIB - promotes the use of a standardised system, based on harmonized environment, structures and procedures in order to ensure the reliable operation of international energy certificate systems...
' European Energy Certificate System
European Energy Certificate System
The European Energy Certificate System is a commercially funded, integrated European framework for issuing, holding, transferring and otherwise processing electronic records...
.
Support certificates are also used in the United States of America, Australia, Turkey and Japan. They are under consideration elsewhere, including Russia and South Africa.