Endura-D
Encyclopedia
The Ford Endura-D engine is a 1,753cc diesel
power unit used in a variety of vehicles made by the Ford Motor Company
, including the Ford Escort (Europe), Ford Focus, Ford Fiesta
, Ford Mondeo
, Ford Orion
, Ford Sierra
and Ford Transit Connect
.
Originally branded Lynx it had 1.8 DIESEL stamped on its rocker cover, it is an engine which has featured in the Ford range since the late 1980s in models such as the Mk.3 Ford Fiesta
, Mk.4 Ford Escort (Europe), Ford Sierra
, and Mk.1 Ford Mondeo
. The 1.8 itself was a development of the (then all-new) 1.6 Diesel unit, originally first featured in the Mk.3 Ford Escort and Mk.2 Ford Fiesta
.
Still branded Lynx, later engines had Endura-DE stamped on the rocker cover, and first featured in the Mk.4 Ford Fiesta
, Mk.6 Ford Escort (Europe) and Mk.2 Ford Mondeo
The Endura-DE engine features a cast iron
block and indirect injection style cylinder head, which means there is a combustion chamber built into the cylinder head. This engine makes use of aluminium
for some other components to minimise the weight penalty of the Diesel engine. It has a single overhead camshaft opening 8 valves via shim-and-bucket followers. The camshaft is rotated by a toothed belt driven by a toothed sprocket on the Crankshaft, likewise the fuel injection pump is rotated by a second toothed belt driven from the crankshaft. The diesel injection pump is a rotary distributor type most typically made by Lucas CAV.
For Ford Fiesta
and some Ford Escort (Europe) (typically commercial and base model applications) the Endura-DE engine was a normally aspirated engine producing 60 PS. However for other Ford Escort (Europe) the Endura-DE also featured a turbocharger
producing 70 PS and some models and the Ford Mondeo
also had an intercooler
and these produced 90 PS
----
A redesign of the engine around 1998 saw it become the Endura-DI sometimes referred to as the TDDI Engine (not to be confused with the 2.0 TDDI used in the Mk.3 Ford Mondeo
), it always features a turbocharger
and produces 75 PS when found in Mk.5 Ford Fiesta
and Ford Transit Connect
models. The addition of an intercooler
increases power output to 90 PS for use in the Ford Focus
The Endura-DI engine features a cast iron
block and direct injection style cylinder head, which means the combustion chamber is in the top of the piston crown. This engine makes use of aluminium
for many other components to minimise the weight penalty of the Diesel engine. It has a single overhead camshaft opening 8 valves via shim-and-bucket followers, and the camshaft is driven by a toothed belt which is driven from a sprocket on the diesel injection pump; unusually this pump is driven via gemini (twin) chains from the crankshaft. The diesel injection pump is an electronically controlled rotary distributor type most typically made by Bosch
.
It has a number of improvements over the previous generation of Ford diesel engines, including the electronically controlled fuel injection pump otherwise known as "fly-by-wire" In addition, the traditional oil sump is replaced with a cast aluminium lower crankcase and a shallow oil pan; there is an oil-to-water cooler, and a great many detail improvements to parts throughout. The engine has been a noted good performer and is a smoother, more powerful unit than the one it replaced.
However, there have been a larger-than-expected number of failures of bearings in this engine, with big-end and small-end connecting rod bearing failures not being uncommon (possibly due to the lack of pressure lubrication to the small ends), and rigid adherence to the servicing schedule is extremely important to ensure engine longevity, unlike the previous models' bulletproof reputation. A larger-than-expected group of owners have suffered small-end failures at around 90000 miles (144,840.6 km), and Ford has described this as being "a characteristic of the TDDI engine". Despite this many owners have had faultless reliability from the 1.8 TDDI engine with mileages in excess of 300000 miles (482,802 km) not unheard of.
Many of the mechanical components used in the TDDI engine were shared or improved in detail for use in the later TDCI common-rail Diesel engine, often referred to as the Duratorq
.
Diesel engine
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...
power unit used in a variety of vehicles made by the Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
, including the Ford Escort (Europe), Ford Focus, Ford Fiesta
Ford Fiesta
The Ford Fiesta is a front wheel drive supermini/subcompact manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company and built in Europe, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India, Thailand and South Africa...
, Ford Mondeo
Ford Mondeo
The Mondeo was launched on 8 January 1993, and sales began on 22 March 1993. Available as a four-door saloon, a five-door hatchback, and a five-door estate, all models for the European market were produced at Ford's plant in the Belgian city of Genk...
, Ford Orion
Ford Orion
The Ford Orion is a saloon car built by the automaker Ford for the European market from 22 July 1983 until 19 September 1993. A total of 3,534,239 Orions were sold throughout the car's 10-year life....
, Ford Sierra
Ford Sierra
The Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
and Ford Transit Connect
Ford Transit Connect
The Ford Transit Connect is a compact panel van developed by Ford Europe and designed by Peter Horbury, introduced in 2002 to replace the older Ford Escort and Fiesta-based Courier van ranges, which had ceased production in the same year....
.
Originally branded Lynx it had 1.8 DIESEL stamped on its rocker cover, it is an engine which has featured in the Ford range since the late 1980s in models such as the Mk.3 Ford Fiesta
Ford Fiesta
The Ford Fiesta is a front wheel drive supermini/subcompact manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company and built in Europe, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India, Thailand and South Africa...
, Mk.4 Ford Escort (Europe), Ford Sierra
Ford Sierra
The Ford Sierra is a large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni"....
, and Mk.1 Ford Mondeo
Ford Mondeo
The Mondeo was launched on 8 January 1993, and sales began on 22 March 1993. Available as a four-door saloon, a five-door hatchback, and a five-door estate, all models for the European market were produced at Ford's plant in the Belgian city of Genk...
. The 1.8 itself was a development of the (then all-new) 1.6 Diesel unit, originally first featured in the Mk.3 Ford Escort and Mk.2 Ford Fiesta
Ford Fiesta
The Ford Fiesta is a front wheel drive supermini/subcompact manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company and built in Europe, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India, Thailand and South Africa...
.
Still branded Lynx, later engines had Endura-DE stamped on the rocker cover, and first featured in the Mk.4 Ford Fiesta
Ford Fiesta
The Ford Fiesta is a front wheel drive supermini/subcompact manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company and built in Europe, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India, Thailand and South Africa...
, Mk.6 Ford Escort (Europe) and Mk.2 Ford Mondeo
Ford Mondeo
The Mondeo was launched on 8 January 1993, and sales began on 22 March 1993. Available as a four-door saloon, a five-door hatchback, and a five-door estate, all models for the European market were produced at Ford's plant in the Belgian city of Genk...
The Endura-DE engine features a cast iron
Cast iron
Cast iron is derived from pig iron, and while it usually refers to gray iron, it also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys which solidify with a eutectic. The color of a fractured surface can be used to identify an alloy. White cast iron is named after its white surface when fractured, due...
block and indirect injection style cylinder head, which means there is a combustion chamber built into the cylinder head. This engine makes use of aluminium
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
for some other components to minimise the weight penalty of the Diesel engine. It has a single overhead camshaft opening 8 valves via shim-and-bucket followers. The camshaft is rotated by a toothed belt driven by a toothed sprocket on the Crankshaft, likewise the fuel injection pump is rotated by a second toothed belt driven from the crankshaft. The diesel injection pump is a rotary distributor type most typically made by Lucas CAV.
For Ford Fiesta
Ford Fiesta
The Ford Fiesta is a front wheel drive supermini/subcompact manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company and built in Europe, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India, Thailand and South Africa...
and some Ford Escort (Europe) (typically commercial and base model applications) the Endura-DE engine was a normally aspirated engine producing 60 PS. However for other Ford Escort (Europe) the Endura-DE also featured a turbocharger
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo , from the Greek "τύρβη" is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine , thereby resulting in greater performance...
producing 70 PS and some models and the Ford Mondeo
Ford Mondeo
The Mondeo was launched on 8 January 1993, and sales began on 22 March 1993. Available as a four-door saloon, a five-door hatchback, and a five-door estate, all models for the European market were produced at Ford's plant in the Belgian city of Genk...
also had an intercooler
Intercooler
An intercooler , or charge air cooler, is an air-to-air or air-to-liquid heat exchange device used on turbocharged and supercharged internal combustion engines to improve their volumetric efficiency by increasing intake air charge density through nearly isobaric cooling, which removes...
and these produced 90 PS
----
A redesign of the engine around 1998 saw it become the Endura-DI sometimes referred to as the TDDI Engine (not to be confused with the 2.0 TDDI used in the Mk.3 Ford Mondeo
Ford Mondeo
The Mondeo was launched on 8 January 1993, and sales began on 22 March 1993. Available as a four-door saloon, a five-door hatchback, and a five-door estate, all models for the European market were produced at Ford's plant in the Belgian city of Genk...
), it always features a turbocharger
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo , from the Greek "τύρβη" is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine , thereby resulting in greater performance...
and produces 75 PS when found in Mk.5 Ford Fiesta
Ford Fiesta
The Ford Fiesta is a front wheel drive supermini/subcompact manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company and built in Europe, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India, Thailand and South Africa...
and Ford Transit Connect
Ford Transit Connect
The Ford Transit Connect is a compact panel van developed by Ford Europe and designed by Peter Horbury, introduced in 2002 to replace the older Ford Escort and Fiesta-based Courier van ranges, which had ceased production in the same year....
models. The addition of an intercooler
Intercooler
An intercooler , or charge air cooler, is an air-to-air or air-to-liquid heat exchange device used on turbocharged and supercharged internal combustion engines to improve their volumetric efficiency by increasing intake air charge density through nearly isobaric cooling, which removes...
increases power output to 90 PS for use in the Ford Focus
The Endura-DI engine features a cast iron
Cast iron
Cast iron is derived from pig iron, and while it usually refers to gray iron, it also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys which solidify with a eutectic. The color of a fractured surface can be used to identify an alloy. White cast iron is named after its white surface when fractured, due...
block and direct injection style cylinder head, which means the combustion chamber is in the top of the piston crown. This engine makes use of aluminium
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
for many other components to minimise the weight penalty of the Diesel engine. It has a single overhead camshaft opening 8 valves via shim-and-bucket followers, and the camshaft is driven by a toothed belt which is driven from a sprocket on the diesel injection pump; unusually this pump is driven via gemini (twin) chains from the crankshaft. The diesel injection pump is an electronically controlled rotary distributor type most typically made by Bosch
Robert Bosch GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH is a multinational engineering and electronics company headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany. It is the world's largest supplier of automotive components...
.
It has a number of improvements over the previous generation of Ford diesel engines, including the electronically controlled fuel injection pump otherwise known as "fly-by-wire" In addition, the traditional oil sump is replaced with a cast aluminium lower crankcase and a shallow oil pan; there is an oil-to-water cooler, and a great many detail improvements to parts throughout. The engine has been a noted good performer and is a smoother, more powerful unit than the one it replaced.
However, there have been a larger-than-expected number of failures of bearings in this engine, with big-end and small-end connecting rod bearing failures not being uncommon (possibly due to the lack of pressure lubrication to the small ends), and rigid adherence to the servicing schedule is extremely important to ensure engine longevity, unlike the previous models' bulletproof reputation. A larger-than-expected group of owners have suffered small-end failures at around 90000 miles (144,840.6 km), and Ford has described this as being "a characteristic of the TDDI engine". Despite this many owners have had faultless reliability from the 1.8 TDDI engine with mileages in excess of 300000 miles (482,802 km) not unheard of.
Many of the mechanical components used in the TDDI engine were shared or improved in detail for use in the later TDCI common-rail Diesel engine, often referred to as the Duratorq
Ford Duratorq engine
The Ford Duratorq engine, commonly referred to as Duratorq, is the marketing name of a range of Ford diesel engines first introduced in 2000 for the Ford Mondeo range of cars....
.