Endoribonuclease
Encyclopedia
A Endoribonuclease is a ribonuclease
endonuclease
. It cleaves either single-stranded or double-stranded RNA
, depending on the enzyme. Example includes both single proteins like RNase III
, RNase A, RNase T1, and RNase H
, and also complexes of proteins like RNase P
and the RNA-induced silencing complex
.
Ribonuclease
Ribonuclease is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components. Ribonucleases can be divided into endoribonucleases and exoribonucleases, and comprise several sub-classes within the EC 2.7 and 3.1 classes of enzymes.-Function:All organisms studied contain...
endonuclease
Endonuclease
Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain, in contrast to exonucleases, which cleave phosphodiester bonds at the end of a polynucleotide chain. Typically, a restriction site will be a palindromic sequence four to six nucleotides long. Most...
. It cleaves either single-stranded or double-stranded RNA
RNA
Ribonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life....
, depending on the enzyme. Example includes both single proteins like RNase III
RNase III
RNase III enzymes specifically bind to and cleave double-stranded RNA . There are three subdivisions, known as Class 1, 2, and 3.Prokaryotic ribonuclease III is an enzyme that digests double-stranded RNA. It is involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors and of some mRNAs.* Class 1...
, RNase A, RNase T1, and RNase H
RNase H
The enzyme RNase H is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism. Members of the RNase H family can be found in nearly all organisms, from archaea to bacteria and eukaryota....
, and also complexes of proteins like RNase P
RNase P
Ribonuclease P is a type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA. RNase P is unique from other RNases in that it is a ribozyme – a ribonucleic acid that acts as a catalyst in the same way that a protein based enzyme would. Its function is to cleave off an extra, or precursor, sequence of RNA on tRNA...
and the RNA-induced silencing complex
RNA-induced silencing complex
RNA-Induced Silencing Complex, or RISC, is a multiprotein complex that incorporates one strand of a small interfering RNA or micro RNA . RISC uses the siRNA or miRNA as a template for recognizing complementary mRNA. When it finds a complementary strand, it activates RNase and cleaves the RNA...
.