Encyclia
Encyclopedia
Encyclia is a genus
of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek
enkykleomai ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is E.
The epiphytic
genus occurs in Florida, Bahamas, West Indies, Mexico and tropical America in forests in lowlands and at altitudes to 1000 m. The distribution of the species is more or less evenly spread throughout this area.
The terminal leaves grow from thickened pseudobulb
s. The flowers arise from an apical inflorescence. This genus is pollinated
by bees and birds. There are normally eight pollinia, but in some subgroups this is reduced to four.
until William Jackson Hooker
separated it from that genus in 1828.
The genera Euchile, Prosthechea
and Dinema were separated from Encyclia, based on a morphological analysis (Higgins, 1997)
The genus Sulpitia Raf.
is a synonym of Encyclia.
There are a number of intergeneric hybrids with Encyclia. Most intergeneric hybrids using Encyclia species used the Genus Epidendrum for naming. This has recently changed.
Encyclia tampensis
(Lindl.) Small, is the common "Butterfly Orchid" of peninsular Florida. It also occurs in the Bahamas & Cuba. It has an unusual beauty and has proven to be of exceptional value in orchid hybridizing.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
enkykleomai ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is E.
The epiphytic
Epiphyte
An epiphyte is a plant that grows upon another plant non-parasitically or sometimes upon some other object , derives its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and sometimes from debris accumulating around it, and is found in the temperate zone and in the...
genus occurs in Florida, Bahamas, West Indies, Mexico and tropical America in forests in lowlands and at altitudes to 1000 m. The distribution of the species is more or less evenly spread throughout this area.
The terminal leaves grow from thickened pseudobulb
Pseudobulb
The pseudobulb is a storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes.It applies to the orchid family , specifically certain groups of epiphytic orchids, and may be single or composed of several internodes with evergreen or deciduous leaves along its length.In some species, it is...
s. The flowers arise from an apical inflorescence. This genus is pollinated
Pollination
Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in plants, thereby enabling fertilisation and sexual reproduction. Pollen grains transport the male gametes to where the female gamete are contained within the carpel; in gymnosperms the pollen is directly applied to the ovule itself...
by bees and birds. There are normally eight pollinia, but in some subgroups this is reduced to four.
Taxonomy
Cladistic research has shown that Encyclia sensu stricto is monophyletic. This genus was originally included in EpidendrumEpidendrum
Epidendrum , abbreviated Epi in horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,100 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name refers to its epiphytic growth habit...
until William Jackson Hooker
William Jackson Hooker
Sir William Jackson Hooker, FRS was an English systematic botanist and organiser. He held the post of Regius Professor of Botany at Glasgow University, and was the first Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. He enjoyed the friendship and support of Sir Joseph Banks for his exploring,...
separated it from that genus in 1828.
The genera Euchile, Prosthechea
Prosthechea
Prosthechea is a genus in the orchid family . The name is derived from the Greek word prostheke , referring to the appendage on the back of the column....
and Dinema were separated from Encyclia, based on a morphological analysis (Higgins, 1997)
The genus Sulpitia Raf.
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe, was a nineteenth-century polymath who made notable contributions to botany, zoology, the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America and Mesoamerican ancient linguistics.Rafinesque was eccentric, and is often portrayed as an...
is a synonym of Encyclia.
There are a number of intergeneric hybrids with Encyclia. Most intergeneric hybrids using Encyclia species used the Genus Epidendrum for naming. This has recently changed.
Encyclia tampensis
Encyclia tampensis
Encyclia tampensis or Butterfly Orchid is a species of flowering plant in the Orchid family, subfamily Epidendroideae.-Range:...
(Lindl.) Small, is the common "Butterfly Orchid" of peninsular Florida. It also occurs in the Bahamas & Cuba. It has an unusual beauty and has proven to be of exceptional value in orchid hybridizing.
List of species
- Encyclia adenocarpon
- Encyclia adenocaulaEncyclia adenocaulaEncyclia adenocaula is a species of orchid....
- Encyclia advena BradeAlexander Curt BradeAlexander Curt Brade was a German botanist who specialized in the study of the orchids and ferns of Brazil. Brade also realized an important and early series of collections of the flora of Costa Rica between 1908 and 1910 with his brother Alfred, who lived in San Jose and owned a horticultural...
(1935) 2n = 40 - Encyclia aenicta Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1971.
- Encyclia alataEncyclia alataEncyclia alata is a species of orchid....
- Encyclia altissima - islas Turks y Caicos
- Encyclia amanda (AmesOakes Ames (botanist)Oakes Ames was an American botanist specializing in orchids. His estate is now the Borderland State Park in Massachusetts....
) Dressler 1971. - Encyclia ambiguaEncyclia ambiguaEncyclia ambigua is a species of orchid....
(Lindl.John LindleyJohn Lindley FRS was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.-Early years:Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley was a nurseryman and pomologist and ran a commercial nursery garden...
) Schltr. 1914 - Encyclia amicta (L.Linden & Rchb.f.Heinrich Gustav ReichenbachHeinrich Gustav Reichenbach was an ornithologist, botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century...
) Schltr. 1919 - Prosthechea apuahuensis (Mansf.) Van den BergVan den BergVan den Berg is a Dutch, Afrikaans and Flemish surname, literally meaning "from the mountain", "from the hill". When looking for this surname, know that alternatives like "van der Berg", "van de Berg" and ending in "Bergh" are sometimes used as well. It is also common to abbreviate the name to...
- Encyclia aspera (Lindl.) Schltr. 1918
- Encyclia asperula Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1974
- Encyclia atrorubens (RolfeRobert Allen RolfeRobert Allen Rolfe was a British botanist specializing in the study of orchids. He was the first curator of the orchid herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, founded the magazine The Orchid Review,and published many papers on hybrids of different species of orchids.The genus Allenrolfea of...
) Schltr. 1918 - Prosthechea borsiana (Campacci) Campacci
- Encyclia bracteataEncyclia bracteataEncyclia bracteata is a species of orchid....
(Barb.Rodr.João Barbosa RodriguesJoão Barbosa Rodrigues was a Brazilian botanist and engineer.He was born in São Gonçalo do Sapucaí and raised in Campanha, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He returned to Rio de Janeiro with his family in 1858. He first dedicated to the commerce, but he was always interested in natural...
) Schltr. ex Hoehne 1930 - Encyclia bractescens
- Encyclia brassavolae (Rchb.f.Heinrich Gustav ReichenbachHeinrich Gustav Reichenbach was an ornithologist, botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century...
) W.E.Higgins - Encyclia candollei (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
- Encyclia cardimii Pabst 1977
- Encyclia caycencis Islas Turks y Caicos
- Encyclia ceratistesEncyclia ceratistesEncyclia ceratistes is a species of orchid....
(Lindl.) Schltr. 1919 - Encyclia chapadensis Menez. 1992
- Encyclia chiapasensis Withner & D.G.Hunt 1994
- Encyclia chloroleuca (HookerWilliam Jackson HookerSir William Jackson Hooker, FRS was an English systematic botanist and organiser. He held the post of Regius Professor of Botany at Glasgow University, and was the first Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. He enjoyed the friendship and support of Sir Joseph Banks for his exploring,...
) Neumann. - Encyclia citrinaEncyclia citrinaEncyclia citrina is a species of orchid with a strong lemony fragrance. Flowers are golden yellow with varying degrees of white crenulations in the lip. The plants themselves may be upright or pendant, but the flowers are always pendant. Also known as the tulip orchid due to its rounded cup like...
(La Llave & Lex.) W.E.Higgins - Encyclia cochleata (L.Carolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
) W.E.Higgins - Encyclia cordigeraEncyclia cordigeraEncyclia cordigera is a species of orchid.-Synonyms:*Cymbidium cordigerum Kunth *Epidendrum macrochilum Hook.*Epidendrum macrochilum var. roseum Bateman*Encyclia macrochila Neumann...
- Prosthechea crassilabia (Poepp.Eduard Friedrich PoeppigEduard Friedrich Poeppig was a German botanist, zoologist and explorer.-Biography:He was born in Plauen, Saxony. He studied medicine and natural history at the University of Leipzig, graduating with a medical degree. On graduation, the rector of the university gave him a botanical mission to North...
& Endl.) Carnevali & I.Ramírez - Encyclia cyperifoliaEncyclia cyperifoliaEncyclia cyperifolia is a species of orchid....
(C.Schweinf.) Carnevali & I.Ramírez 1993 - Encyclia dichroma
- Encyclia dickinsoniana (Withner) Hamer 1985
- Encyclia diota (Lindl.) Schltr. 1918
- Encyclia diurnaEncyclia diurnaEncyclia diurna is a species of orchid.-Synonyms:*Limodorum diurnum Jacq. *Cymbidium diurnum Sw.*Epidendrum diurnum Poir.*Cymbidium glandulosum Kunth*Epidendrum virens Lindl....
(Jacq.) Schltr. 1919 - Encyclia domingensis
- Encyclia dressleriana
- Encyclia duveenii
- Encyclia edithiana L.C.Menezes 1996
- Encyclia ellegantula Dressler
- Encyclia expansa (Rchb.f.Heinrich Gustav ReichenbachHeinrich Gustav Reichenbach was an ornithologist, botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century...
) P.Ortiz 1991 - Prosthechea faresiana (Bicalho) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia flabellifera Hoehne & Schltr. 1926
- Encyclia flavaEncyclia flavaEncyclia flava is a species of orchid. The diploid chromosome number of E. flava has been determined as 2n = 40....
(Lindl.) PortoPortoPorto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
& BradeAlexander Curt BradeAlexander Curt Brade was a German botanist who specialized in the study of the orchids and ferns of Brazil. Brade also realized an important and early series of collections of the flora of Costa Rica between 1908 and 1910 with his brother Alfred, who lived in San Jose and owned a horticultural...
1935 - Encyclia fowliei
- Encyclia fragrans (Sw.Olof SwartzOlof Peter Swartz was a Swedish botanist and taxonomist. He is best known for his taxonomic work and studies into pteridophytes...
) W.E.Higgins - Encyclia fucata (Lindl.) BrittonNathaniel Lord BrittonNathaniel Lord Britton was an American botanist and taxonomist who founded the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, New York. Britton was born in New Dorp in Staten Island, New York...
& Millsp.Charles Frederick MillspaughCharles Frederick Millspaugh was an American botanist, born at Ithaca, N.Y., and educated at Cornell and the New York Homeopathic Medical College. For several years he practiced medicine and from 1891 to 1893 taught botany at West Virginia University...
1920 - Encyclia gallopavina (Rchb.f.) Porto & Brade 1986
- Encyclia glumacea
- Encyclia gracilis (Lindl.) Schltr. 1915
- Encyclia granitica
- Encyclia guatemalensis [Klotzsch] Dressler & Pollard 1971
- Prosthechea greenwoodiana (Aguirre-Olav.) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia hanburiiEncyclia hanburiiEncyclia hanburii is a species of orchid....
(Lindl.) Schltr. 1914 - Encyclia howardii
- Encyclia inaguensis - Islas Turks y Caicos
- Encyclia incumbensEncyclia incumbensEncyclia incumbens is a species of orchid....
- Encyclia ionosma (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914.
- Encyclia isochila (Rchb.f.) DodDonald Dungan DodThe Reverend Donald D. Dod , was an American missionary and orchidologist.- Life :...
1986 - Encyclia kautzkii (Pabst) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia kennedyi (Fowlie & Withner) Hágsater 1973.
- Encyclia kingsii (C.D.Adams) Nir 1994.
- Encyclia kundergraeberi V.P.Castro & Campacci 1998.
- Encyclia jauana (Carnevali & I.Ramírez) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia lancifolia
- Encyclia lindenii (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia longifolia (Barb.Rodr.João Barbosa RodriguesJoão Barbosa Rodrigues was a Brazilian botanist and engineer.He was born in São Gonçalo do Sapucaí and raised in Campanha, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He returned to Rio de Janeiro with his family in 1858. He first dedicated to the commerce, but he was always interested in natural...
) Schltr. 1914 - Encyclia lorata Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1974
- Encyclia macdougali
- Encyclia mariae (AmesOakes Ames (botanist)Oakes Ames was an American botanist specializing in orchids. His estate is now the Borderland State Park in Massachusetts....
) W.E.Higgins - Encyclia megahybos (Schltr.) DodsonCalaway H. DodsonCalaway Homer Dodson is an American botanist, orchidologist, and taxonomist.- Biography :Dodson specialized in orchidology very early in his career...
& Hágsater - E. megalantha (Barb.Rodr.João Barbosa RodriguesJoão Barbosa Rodrigues was a Brazilian botanist and engineer.He was born in São Gonçalo do Sapucaí and raised in Campanha, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He returned to Rio de Janeiro with his family in 1858. He first dedicated to the commerce, but he was always interested in natural...
) PortoPortoPorto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
& BradeAlexander Curt BradeAlexander Curt Brade was a German botanist who specialized in the study of the orchids and ferns of Brazil. Brade also realized an important and early series of collections of the flora of Costa Rica between 1908 and 1910 with his brother Alfred, who lived in San Jose and owned a horticultural...
(1935) 2n = 40 - Encyclia meliosma (Rchb.f.) Schltr. (1918)
- Encyclia microbulbon
- Encyclia microtos (Rchb. f.) Hoehne (1952)
- Encyclia moojenii (Pabst) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia mooreana (RolfeRobert Allen RolfeRobert Allen Rolfe was a British botanist specializing in the study of orchids. He was the first curator of the orchid herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, founded the magazine The Orchid Review,and published many papers on hybrids of different species of orchids.The genus Allenrolfea of...
) Schltr. (1914) - Encyclia naranjapatensis Dodson (1977)
- Encyclia nematocaulon (A.Rich.Achille RichardAchille Richard was a French botanist and physician .He was son of a notable botanist, Louis-Claude Marie Richard .Pharmacist in the French fleet and member of several well-known societies of their time....
) AcuñaJulián Acuña GaléAntonio Julián Baldomero Acuña Galé was a Cuban botanist who served as director of the Agricultural Experimental Station in Santiago de Las Vegas...
(1939) - Encyclia neurosa (Ames) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia ochracea ( Lindl. ) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia oestlundii (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) Hágsater & Stermitz (1983)
- Encyclia oncidioidesEncyclia oncidioidesEncyclia oncidioides is a species of orchid. The diploid chromosome number of E. oncidioides has been determined as 2n = 40.-Synonyms:*Epidendrum oncidioides Lindl. *Epidendrum ensiforme Vell....
(Lindl.) Schltr. (1914) - Encyclia ortgiesii
- Encyclia osmantha (Barb.Rodr.João Barbosa RodriguesJoão Barbosa Rodrigues was a Brazilian botanist and engineer.He was born in São Gonçalo do Sapucaí and raised in Campanha, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He returned to Rio de Janeiro with his family in 1858. He first dedicated to the commerce, but he was always interested in natural...
) Schltr. (1914) - Encyclia ovulum
- Encyclia parviflora (RegelEduard August von RegelEduard August von Regel was a German horticulturalist and botanist. He ended his career serving as the Director of the Russian Imperial Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg...
) Withner 1998 - Encyclia pastoris (Lex.) Espejo & López-Ferr.
- Encyclia patensEncyclia patensEncyclia patens is a species of orchid. The diploid chromosome number of E. patens has been determined as 2n = 40....
Hook.William Jackson HookerSir William Jackson Hooker, FRS was an English systematic botanist and organiser. He held the post of Regius Professor of Botany at Glasgow University, and was the first Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. He enjoyed the friendship and support of Sir Joseph Banks for his exploring,...
1830 - Encyclia pauciflora (Barb.Rodr.João Barbosa RodriguesJoão Barbosa Rodrigues was a Brazilian botanist and engineer.He was born in São Gonçalo do Sapucaí and raised in Campanha, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He returned to Rio de Janeiro with his family in 1858. He first dedicated to the commerce, but he was always interested in natural...
) C.Porto & Brade 1935 - Encyclia phoeicea
- Encyclia phoenicea
- Encyclia plicataEncyclia plicataEncyclia plicata is a species of orchid....
BrittonNathaniel Lord BrittonNathaniel Lord Britton was an American botanist and taxonomist who founded the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, New York. Britton was born in New Dorp in Staten Island, New York...
& Millsp.Charles Frederick MillspaughCharles Frederick Millspaugh was an American botanist, born at Ithaca, N.Y., and educated at Cornell and the New York Homeopathic Medical College. For several years he practiced medicine and from 1891 to 1893 taught botany at West Virginia University...
1920 - Encyclia pollardiana (Withner) Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1971
- Encyclia polybulbon (SwartzOlof SwartzOlof Peter Swartz was a Swedish botanist and taxonomist. He is best known for his taxonomic work and studies into pteridophytes...
) Dressler 1961 - Encyclia powellii
- Encyclia profusa (RolfeRobert Allen RolfeRobert Allen Rolfe was a British botanist specializing in the study of orchids. He was the first curator of the orchid herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, founded the magazine The Orchid Review,and published many papers on hybrids of different species of orchids.The genus Allenrolfea of...
) Dressler & Pollard 1971 - Encyclia punctifera (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia pygmaea (Hook.William Jackson HookerSir William Jackson Hooker, FRS was an English systematic botanist and organiser. He held the post of Regius Professor of Botany at Glasgow University, and was the first Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. He enjoyed the friendship and support of Sir Joseph Banks for his exploring,...
) W.E.Higgins - Encyclia pyriformisEncyclia pyriformisEncyclia pyriformis is a species of orchid....
(Lindl.) Schltr. 1914. - Encyclia randiana LindenJean Jules LindenJean Jules Linden , was a Belgian botanist and explorer, horticulturist and businessman, specialising in orchids, on which subject he wrote a number of books....
& Rodg. Withner 2000 - Encyclia randii
- Encyclia remotiflora
- Encyclia replicata
- Encyclia rufa Islas Turks y Caicos
- Encyclia seidelii Pabst 1976
- Encyclia selligera (BatemanJames BatemanJames Bateman was a landowner and accomplished horticulturist. He developed Biddulph Grange after moving there around 1840, from nearby Knypersley Hall...
ex Lindl.) Schltr. 1914 - Encyclia sintenisii
- Encyclia spatella (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1924
- Encyclia spiritusanctensis L.C.Menezes 1991
- Encyclia stellata
- Encyclia suaveolens Dressler 1971
- Encyclia subulatifolia (A.Rich.Achille RichardAchille Richard was a French botanist and physician .He was son of a notable botanist, Louis-Claude Marie Richard .Pharmacist in the French fleet and member of several well-known societies of their time....
& GaleottiHenri Guillaume GaleottiHenri Guillaume Galeotti was a French-Belgian botanist and geologist of Italian parentage who was born in Paris. He specialized in the study of the family Cactaceae....
) Dressler 1961 - Encyclia suzanensis (Hoehne) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia tampensisEncyclia tampensisEncyclia tampensis or Butterfly Orchid is a species of flowering plant in the Orchid family, subfamily Epidendroideae.-Range:...
- Prosthechea tardiflora Mora-Ret. ex Pupulin
- Encyclia trachycarpa
- Encyclia triangulifera (Rchb. f.) Acuña 1939.
- Encyclia truncata
- Encyclia unaensis
- Encyclia varicosa (Bateman) W.E.Higgins
- Encyclia wageneri
- Encyclia withneri
- Encyclia xipheres
- Encyclia xuxiana
- Encyclia yauaperyensis (Barb.Rodr.João Barbosa RodriguesJoão Barbosa Rodrigues was a Brazilian botanist and engineer.He was born in São Gonçalo do Sapucaí and raised in Campanha, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He returned to Rio de Janeiro with his family in 1858. He first dedicated to the commerce, but he was always interested in natural...
) PortoPortoPorto , also known as Oporto in English, is the second largest city in Portugal and one of the major urban areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Its administrative limits include a population of 237,559 inhabitants distributed within 15 civil parishes...
& BradeAlexander Curt BradeAlexander Curt Brade was a German botanist who specialized in the study of the orchids and ferns of Brazil. Brade also realized an important and early series of collections of the flora of Costa Rica between 1908 and 1910 with his brother Alfred, who lived in San Jose and owned a horticultural...
1935