Elmer Grey
Encyclopedia
Elmer Grey, FAIA
FAIA
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects is a postnomial, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects...

 (April 29, 1872 – November 14, 1963) was an American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...

 and artist based in Pasadena, California
Pasadena, California
Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Although famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is the home to many scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology , the Jet...

. Grey designed many noted landmarks in Southern California
Southern California
Southern California is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles and Greater San Diego. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego...

, including the Beverly Hills Hotel
Beverly Hills Hotel
The Beverly Hills Hotel is a hotel on Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills, California. It was opened on May 12, 1912 by Margaret J. Anderson and her son, Stanley S. Anderson, who had been managing the Hollywood Hotel. The original main building of The Beverly Hills Hotel was designed by Pasadena...

, the Huntington Art Gallery, the Pasadena Playhouse
Pasadena Playhouse
The Pasadena Playhouse is a historic performing arts venue located 39 S El Molino Avenue in Pasadena, California. The 686-seat auditorium produces a variety of cultural and artistic events, professional shows, and community engagements each year.-History:...

 and Wattles Mansion
Wattles Mansion
The Wattles Estate, which was originally known as Jualita, is located at 1824 North Curson Avenue in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California. It was built in 1907 by wealthy Omaha, Nebraska banker Gurdon Wattles as a winter home...

. He is credited with being one of the pioneers in the development of the new American architecture in the early 20th century, with a focus on harmony with nature and eliminating features not belonging to the local climate and conditions. Grey was also a noted artist whose paintings are in the permanent collection of the Chicago Art Institute.

Career in the Midwest

Grey was born in Chicago and educated in the Milwaukee
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Milwaukee is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the...

 public schools. He did not attend college and worked for the Milwaukee architectural firm of Ferry & Clas from 1887-1899. In 1890, the 18-year-old Grey won first prize in a competition for the design of a water tower and pumping station sponsored by a New York architectural publicaion. While at Ferry & Clas, he assisted in the design of the Milwaukee Central Library and the Wisconsin Historical Society
Wisconsin Historical Society
The Wisconsin Historical Society is simultaneously a private membership and a state-funded organization whose purpose is to maintain, promote and spread knowledge relating to the history of North America, with an emphasis on the state of Wisconsin and the trans-Allegheny West...

 in Madison, Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. It is also home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison....

. When Grey went into practice on his own, he first attracted attention for his design of a summer home he built for himself on a bluff overlooking Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States. It is the second largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third largest by surface area, after Lake Superior and Lake Huron...

 at Fox Point, Wisconsin
Fox Point, Wisconsin
Fox Point is a village in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 7,012 at the 2000 census.Fox Point is located along the North Shore area of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. It is named after a small point extending into Lake Michigan...

. Grey's Fox Point house was a great hit, being published widely in magazines and leading to Grey's elevation to Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.

Health problems

Another major commission during his years in Wisconsin was the Christian Science church in Milwaukee. It was shortly after those plans were finished that Grey later recalled that "my health broke down completely." Grey wrote that his health problems had more to do with "nerves" rather than anything purely physical. Grey abandoned his Milwaukee practice and traveled to Florida, Philadelphia and then to Las Vegas, seeking to regain his health. He took up work on a ranch, hoping the hard work would build his strength. He eventually moved to California, spending time swimming, rowing, playing tennis and fishing on Catalina Island
Santa Catalina Island, California
Santa Catalina Island, often called Catalina Island, or just Catalina, is a rocky island off the coast of the U.S. state of California. The island is long and across at its greatest width. The island is located about south-southwest of Los Angeles, California. The highest point on the island is...

. When he read of a job working on a Hollywood citrus ranch for $25 a month plus board, he took the position.

Partnership with Myron Hunt

In 1904, Grey became friends with a fellow Midwestern architect, Myron Hunt
Myron Hunt
Myron Hunt was an American architect whose numerous projects include many noted landmarks in Southern California...

. The two rode horses together on Sunday mornings in Pasadena and formed a partnership in that city as Hunt and Grey. Grey later wrote that he began by working only a short time each day "until my nerves got in better shape." Grey's health again failed during the early years of his partnership with Hunt, and he took a long trip to the South Sea Islands. Yet, it was during his partnership with Hunt that Grey produced some of his finest work. The two designed fine residences for the wealthy of Pasadena and also worked on larger projects, including schools, churches and hotels. In 1905, The Architectural Record
Architectural Record
Architectural Record is an American monthly magazine dedicated to architecture and interior design, published by McGraw-Hill Construction in New York City. It is over 110 years old...

published articles on both Grey and Hunt, noting: "Both Mr. Hunt and Mr. Grey stand for the attempt to naturalize in this country the best traditions of European architecture. Mr. Grey, for instance, believes that a very genuine American style is in the process of making; but that as yet it is only in its infancy."

From 1907-1908, Hunt & Grey designed a Beaux Arts mansion for railroad and finance magnate, Henry Huntington, in San Marino
San Marino, California
San Marino is a small, affluent city in Los Angeles County, California. Incorporated in 1913, the City founders designed the community to be uniquely residential, with expansive properties surrounded by beautiful gardens, wide streets, and well maintained parkways...

. The mansion, built with reinforced concrete, tile walls and a slab roof, was not completed until 1911. In his book, "Houses of Los Angeles," Sam Watters wrote that the Huntington structure was "unique in Los Angeles for the ambition of its house." While a French influence was requested by Mrs. Huntington, Hunt & Grey also added elements of a new California architecture by including a red-tile roof, unornamented plaster walls, and sage green window trim. The Huntington mansion was later converted into the main art gallery of the cultural center built around the Huntington Library.

Hunt & Grey's larger commissions included work for Throop Institute in Pasadena, the school which would soon become California Institute of Technology
California Institute of Technology
The California Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Pasadena, California, United States. Caltech has six academic divisions with strong emphases on science and engineering...

. In 1911, they began plans for the new campus of Occidental College
Occidental College
Occidental College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college located in the Eagle Rock neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1887, Occidental College, or "Oxy" as it is called by students and alumni, is one of the oldest liberal arts colleges on the West Coast...

 in the Eagle Rock
Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, California
In 1909, Hill Avenue, now Hill Drive, was one of Eagle Rock's most beautiful streets. Other streets were Royal Drive , Acacia Street , Kenilworth Avenue , Highland Avenue , and Fairmont Avenue...

 district of Los Angeles. They also designed a dormitory and other structures for Claremont College
Claremont College
Claremont College opened in 1990 as a senior secondary Government school in Tasmania, Australia, for students in Years 11 and 12. It provides a full range of courses, preparing students for university, TAFE, traineeships and employment...

 and a master expansion plan for Pomona College
Pomona College
Pomona College is a private, residential, liberal arts college in Claremont, California. Founded in 1887 in Pomona, California by a group of Congregationalists, the college moved to Claremont in 1889 to the site of a hotel, retaining its name. The school enrolls 1,548 students.The founding member...

.

Association with the Arts and Crafts movement

In 1906, Hunt & Grey designed a home for Dr. Guy Cochran near Downtown Los Angeles
Downtown Los Angeles
Downtown Los Angeles is the central business district of Los Angeles, California, United States, located close to the geographic center of the metropolitan area...

 that Gustav Stickley
Gustav Stickley
Gustav Stickley was a manufacturer of furniture and the leading proselytizer for the American Arts and Crafts movement, an extension of the British Arts and Crafts movement.-Biography:...

's The Craftsman magazine dubbed the "very best" of their work, with enormous windows "looking out upon the terrace and garden, giv[ing] such a sense of relationship between the two that there is almost no feeling of being enclosed within walls." The Craftsman referred to Hunt & Grey as "pioneers in the development of the new American architecture," which was "but a series of individual plans adapted to the climatic conditions and to the needs of daily living" and in harmony "with the natural environment and contour of the landscape." The house reflected Grey's vision of California bungalow architecture, which he described in 1907 as follows:
"The best California bungalow schemes involve a garden or large outdoor living space, incorporated as an integral part of the plan. By this we mean that the main rooms of the house are arranged to face this out-of-door living space ... It was once considered absurd to plan a house with the kitchen toward the street, but now not so in California ... the street side of [a man's] domicile is merely the side through which he enters."


In 1910, as the American Craftsman
American Craftsman
The American Craftsman Style, or the American Arts and Crafts Movement, is an American domestic architectural, interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts style and lifestyle philosophy that began in the last years of the 19th century. As a comprehensive design and art...

 movement was in full bloom in Southern California
Southern California
Southern California is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles and Greater San Diego. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego...

, Grey wrote that California architecture was distinctive because local architects were simply trying to be "natural" -- not so much "because our architects have striven to be unique in their designing as because they have tried to eliminate features not belonging to this climate and to local conditions." Grey also emphasized simplicity, once writing that "the greatest fault that can be found with the architecture of Southern California is that which may be found with all American architecture to a greater or lesser extent, namely, a lack of simplicity."

Though often associated with the Craftsman
American Craftsman
The American Craftsman Style, or the American Arts and Crafts Movement, is an American domestic architectural, interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts style and lifestyle philosophy that began in the last years of the 19th century. As a comprehensive design and art...

 movement, Grey's structures reflect a wide variety of styles, including Beaux Arts, Mission Revival and English Tudor. One Grey biographer wrote: "While Grey shared a number of beliefs with Stickley and the Arts and Crafts movement, his catholic, traditionalist taste and disposition would not allow him to become an exponent of any one movement. The woodsy, informal image of the Arts and Crafts house was simply one of many that he might employ. Like Charles and Henry Greene, he transformed the low-art Arts and Crafts dwelling into a sophisticated high-art object."

Later career

After his partnership with Hunt dissolved in 1910 or 1911, Grey went on to design the Pasadena Playhouse
Pasadena Playhouse
The Pasadena Playhouse is a historic performing arts venue located 39 S El Molino Avenue in Pasadena, California. The 686-seat auditorium produces a variety of cultural and artistic events, professional shows, and community engagements each year.-History:...

, the Beverly Hills Hotel
Beverly Hills Hotel
The Beverly Hills Hotel is a hotel on Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills, California. It was opened on May 12, 1912 by Margaret J. Anderson and her son, Stanley S. Anderson, who had been managing the Hollywood Hotel. The original main building of The Beverly Hills Hotel was designed by Pasadena...

, the Lincoln Shrine in Redlands
Redlands, California
Redlands is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 68,747, up from 63,591 at the 2000 census. The city is located east of downtown San Bernardino.- History :...

, three buildings for the First Church of Christ Scientist, and many residences. After completing his first Christian Science church, Grey published an article about church design in which he wrote:
"The commercial spirit of our age is so inclined to be a mad race for the 'almighty dollar,' and commercial structures are so often built with the idea of obtaining the most show for the least money that when religious organizations build they should show that their aims are higher. The trend of preachment or sermon in all churches is for the things of lasting value, the real as against the seeming; so when a church builds, it should show that it believes in putting such preachments into practice, that it demands the real in architecture instead of that which only seems so."


The church Grey designed for the First Church of Christ, Scientist
First Church of Christ, Scientist (Los Angeles, California)
The former First Church of Christ, Scientist, built in 1912, is an historic Christian Science church edifice located at 1366 South Alvarado Street, in Los Angeles, California...

 in Los Angeles was later used by Jim Jones
Jim Jones
James Warren "Jim" Jones was the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple, which is best known for the November 18, 1978 mass suicide of 909 Temple members in Jonestown, Guyana along with the killings of five other people at a nearby airstrip.Jones was born in Indiana and started the Temple in...

 and his Peoples Temple
Peoples Temple
Peoples Temple was a religious organization founded in 1955 by Jim Jones that, by the mid-1970s, included over a dozen locations in California including its headquarters in San Francisco...

 immediately prior to the 1978 Jonestown
Jonestown
Jonestown was the informal name for the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project, an intentional community in northwestern Guyana formed by the Peoples Temple led by Jim Jones. It became internationally notorious when, on November 18, 1978, 918 people died in the settlement as well as in a nearby...

 tragedy.

Artist and author

Grey was also an artist who painted in both oils and watercolors. He painted Southern California landscapes, and his watercolors are on permanent exhibit at the Chicago Art Institute. Grey also wrote numerous articles on architecture and philosophy.

For several years in the 1920s, Grey's nervous condition again forced him to cease working as an architect, though he rturned to his practice in 1929. During the 1930s, he also tried to obtain work as a set designer in Hollywood.

Grey moved his practice to Florida in 1941, where he was an instructor in mechanical drawing and also painted a 35-foot frieze at the Naval Air Station in Jacksonville, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Jacksonville is the largest city in the U.S. state of Florida in terms of both population and land area, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968...

, depicting five episodes in the history and development of Florida. Grey later returned to Pasadena in his retirement; he died in November 1963 at age 91 in the Pasadena mansion he had built for himself.

Grey's architectural works

Grey's major works include:

To 1906

  • Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist
    Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist (Milwaukee, Wisconsin)
    The former Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist, built in 1902, is an historic Christian Science church edifice located at 1036 North Van Buren Street in Milwaukee, Wisconsin...

    , Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on the NRHP in Milwaukee
    National Register of Historic Places listings in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
    This list comprises buildings, sites, structures, districts, and objects in the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. There are 230 NRHP sites listed in Milwaukee County, including 63 outside the City of Milwaukee included in the National...

  • Edith Daniels House, Aradia, CA
    Arcadia, California
    Arcadia is an affluent city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and located approximately northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains....

     (1904)
  • Livingston Jenks House, San Rafael, CA (1904)
  • Astronomer's House (aka The Monastery) and other buildings, Mount Wilson Observatory
    Mount Wilson Observatory
    The Mount Wilson Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The MWO is located on Mount Wilson, a 5,715 foot peak in the San Gabriel Mountains near Pasadena, northeast of Los Angeles...

    , Mount Wilson, CA (1904) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Thomas H. Foote House, East Colorado Street, Pasadena, CA (1905) (with Myron Hunt)
  • J.W. Gillespie House, Montecito, CA (with Myron Hunt)
  • Livingston Jenks House, 1000 Vallejo, Russian Hill, San Francisco, CA (1905)
  • Ingraham Hotel, Ingraham and Orange Streets, Los Angeles, CA (1906–08) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Dr. Guy H. Cochran House, Loma Drive, Los Angeles (1906) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Henry E. Huntington Cottage, Clifton, CA (between Redondo and San Pedro) (1906) (with Myron Hunt)

1907

  • Paine House, Pasadena, CA (1907) (with Myron Hunt)
  • L.H. Nares House, Beverly Hills, CA (1907) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Wattles Mansion
    Wattles Mansion
    The Wattles Estate, which was originally known as Jualita, is located at 1824 North Curson Avenue in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California. It was built in 1907 by wealthy Omaha, Nebraska banker Gurdon Wattles as a winter home...

    , 1824 N. Curson Ave., Hollywood, Los Angeles, CA (1907)
  • Valley Hunt Clubhouse, South Orange Grove and Palmetto Avenues, Pasadena, CA (1907) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Walter Ransome Leeds House, Berkeley Square, Los Angeles, CA (1907) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Chester Montgomery House, Berkeley Square, Los Angeles, CA (1907) (with Myron Hunt)
  • William R. Burke House, Berkeley Square, Los Angeles, CA (1907) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Polytechnic Elementary School, Pasadena, CA (1907) (with Myron Hunt) and addition (1912–1913)
  • Arthur Herbert Woodward House (now the Zane Grey Estate
    Zane Grey Estate
    The Zane Grey Estate is a National Register of Historic Places structure in Altadena, California. It was placed on the Register in 2002 for its association with author Zane Grey....

    ), Altadena, CA (1907) (with Myron Hunt)

1908-1910

  • William R. Nash House, N. Orange Grove Blvd. near San Rafael Bridge, Pasadena, CA (1908) (with Myron Hunt)
  • A.S. Gaylord House, San Rafael Heights, Pasadena, CA (1908) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Throop Polytechnic Institute, Campus Plan, Pasadena, CA (1908) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Dr. J.A. Scherer House (Pres. of Throop Polytechnic), Pasadena, CA (1908) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Men's Dormitory and other buildings at Claremont College
    Claremont College
    Claremont College opened in 1990 as a senior secondary Government school in Tasmania, Australia, for students in Years 11 and 12. It provides a full range of courses, preparing students for university, TAFE, traineeships and employment...

    , Pomona, CA (1908) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Henry Huntington House, later converted into the Huntington Library and Art Museum, San Marino, CA (1908) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Throop Hall, Pasadena, CA (1909) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pasadena Hall, Pasadena, CA (1908–10)
  • Edward D. Libbey House, Ojai, California
    Ojai, California
    Ojai is a city in Ventura County, California, USA. It is situated in the Ojai Valley , surrounded by hills and mountains. The population was 7,461 at the 2010 census, down from 7,862 at the 2000 census.-History:Chumash Indians were the early inhabitants of the valley...

     (1909) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Edward M. Taylor House (aka "Ferndale"), Altadena, CA (with Myron Hunt) (destroyed by fire in 1943)
  • Gartz Court, Pasadena, CA, (1910) (with Myron Hunt) on the NRHP in Pasadena
    National Register of Historic Places listings in Pasadena, California
    This is a List of Registered Historic Places in Pasadena. There are 119 places listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in Pasadena, California. Five of these sites are further designated as National Historic Landmarks of the United States...

  • E.M. Neustadt Mansion, West Adams St. and Western Ave., West Adams, Los Angeles, CA (1910) (with Myron Hunt)
  • Dormitories at Occidental College
    Occidental College
    Occidental College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college located in the Eagle Rock neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1887, Occidental College, or "Oxy" as it is called by students and alumni, is one of the oldest liberal arts colleges on the West Coast...

    , Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, CA, and Throop Polytechnic (1910) (with Myron Hunt)
  • J.N. Burnes House, El Molino and Pinehurst, Oak Knoll, Pasadena, CA (1910) (with Myron Hunt)

1911-1920

  • Addison Lysle House, Garfield Ave. and El Monte Rd., Alhambra, CA (1911)
  • Beverly Hills Hotel
    Beverly Hills Hotel
    The Beverly Hills Hotel is a hotel on Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills, California. It was opened on May 12, 1912 by Margaret J. Anderson and her son, Stanley S. Anderson, who had been managing the Hollywood Hotel. The original main building of The Beverly Hills Hotel was designed by Pasadena...

    , Beverly Hills, CA (1911)
  • Hawkins House
    Hawkins House (Reno, Nevada)
    Hawkins House, later known as Sierra Nevada Museum of Art, is a historic home in Reno, Nevada. It was designed in a colonial revival style by Elmer Grey for Prince A. Hawkins, a scion of the well-established Hawkins family, in 1911. It is now the offices of the Nevada Interscholastic Activities...

    , Reno, NV (1911)
  • Julius Seyler Bungalow, South Pasadena, California
    South Pasadena, California
    South Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 25,619, up from 24,292 at the 2000 census. It is located in in the West San Gabriel Valley...

     (1911–1912)
  • First Church of Christ, Scientist
    First Church of Christ, Scientist (Los Angeles, California)
    The former First Church of Christ, Scientist, built in 1912, is an historic Christian Science church edifice located at 1366 South Alvarado Street, in Los Angeles, California...

    , Alvarado Terrace, Los Angeles, CA (1911)
  • First Church of Christ Scientist
    First Church of Christ, Scientist (Long Beach, California)
    The former First Church of Christ, Scientist is an historic Christian Science church building located at 440 Elm Avenue, Long Beach, California, United States...

    , Long Beach, CA (1913)
  • Robert C. Gillis House, Santa Monica, CA (1913)
  • First Congregational Church of Riverside, CA, 1913, (with Myron Hunt) on the NRHP in Riverside County
  • E.M. Neustadt House, Altadena, CA (1913)
  • Dr. Clifford Webster Barnes House, 999 S. San Rafael Ave., Pasadena, CA (1913)
  • Elmer Grey House, 1372 S. El Molino Ave., Pasadena, CA (1912)
  • W. Sias House, Oak Knoll, Pasadena, CA (1912–13)
  • John Luckenbach House, Hillhurst Park, Hollywood, CA (1914)
  • First Church of Christ Scientist, 661 Bryant Street, Palo Alto, CA (1916)
  • Rew-Sharp House, Coronado, CA (1918)
  • Stafford W. Bixby House, Hillhurst Park, Hollywood, CA (1919)

1921 on

  • Harvey Mudd House, Benedict Canyon Drive, Beverly Hills, CA (1922)
  • Pico Heights Branch Library, Connecticut and Oxford Streets, Los Angeles, CA (1923)
  • Pasadena Playhouse
    Pasadena Playhouse
    The Pasadena Playhouse is a historic performing arts venue located 39 S El Molino Avenue in Pasadena, California. The 686-seat auditorium produces a variety of cultural and artistic events, professional shows, and community engagements each year.-History:...

    , Pasadena, CA (1924)
  • Bowen House, 336 Hudson Ave., Hancock Park, Los Angeles CA]] (1925)
  • Colony Club, Santa Monica, CA (1925)
  • R.H. Cromwell House, Bel Air, Los Angeles CA (1925)
  • A.N. Kemp House, Canyon Vista Park, overlooking Santa Monica Canyon and Brentwood Country Club (1925)
  • Bel-Air Bay Club, 16801 Pacific Coast Highway Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, CA (1927)
  • Charles J. Wild House, Fremont Place, Los Angeles, CA (1930)
  • Lincoln Shrine, Redlands, CA (1932)
  • Charles J. Wild House, Altadena, CA (c. 1932)
  • Mrs. J.M. Goss Studio, Pasadena, Ca (c. 1932)
  • Margaret Coleman Studio, S. Madison Ave., Pasadena, CA (1933)

Further reading

More detailed biographical information about Grey can be found in a ten-part series published by Architect & Engineer magazine from November 1932 through August 1933 under the title, "Vicissitudes of a Young Architect." See also Robert Craik McLean, "The Work of Elmer Gray, Architect, FAIA," published by The Western Architect in August 1916.
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