Ellen Gilbert
Encyclopedia
Ellen E. Gilbert (April 30, 1837 – February 12, 1900) was a strong 19th century correspondence chess
player, and one of the first significant women players in chess history. She became famous for her match victory against George H. D. Gossip
. Gossip, who had won the 1873–74 correspondence chess
tournament of the Chess-Players Chronicle, "was thought by some to be the strongest correspondence player known". Gilbert, playing first board for the United States in an 1879 correspondence chess match against England, won all four of her games against Gossip. This enabled the American team to win the match 27-23. Her victories, combined with her announcing mate in 21 moves in one game, and mate in 35 moves in another, "caused a sensation in the chess world". She was hailed as "The Queen of Chess", and poems and at least one chess problem (with the pieces in the shape of a "Q") were composed in her honor. Her games were analyzed by Wilhelm Steinitz
, the first World Champion
, who confirmed the accuracy of her analyses. Gossip responded gallantly, dedicating his book Theory of the Chess Openings to her.
Unfortunately, this proved to be not only the high point of her chess career, but almost its end. Apart from playing one move in a "circulating game" in 1883, her victory against Gossip is the last known event in her career. Her obituary mentions "loss of sight" in "late years", and her vision may have already been declining when she played Gossip.
She died on February 12, 1900 in Hartford, Connecticut.
Correspondence chess
Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, usually through a correspondence chess server, through email or by the postal system; less common methods which have been employed include fax and homing pigeon...
player, and one of the first significant women players in chess history. She became famous for her match victory against George H. D. Gossip
George H. D. Gossip
George Hatfeild Dingley Gossip was a minor American-English chess master and writer. He competed in chess tournaments between 1870 and 1895, playing against most of the world's leading players, but with only modest success. The writer G. H...
. Gossip, who had won the 1873–74 correspondence chess
Correspondence chess
Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, usually through a correspondence chess server, through email or by the postal system; less common methods which have been employed include fax and homing pigeon...
tournament of the Chess-Players Chronicle, "was thought by some to be the strongest correspondence player known". Gilbert, playing first board for the United States in an 1879 correspondence chess match against England, won all four of her games against Gossip. This enabled the American team to win the match 27-23. Her victories, combined with her announcing mate in 21 moves in one game, and mate in 35 moves in another, "caused a sensation in the chess world". She was hailed as "The Queen of Chess", and poems and at least one chess problem (with the pieces in the shape of a "Q") were composed in her honor. Her games were analyzed by Wilhelm Steinitz
Wilhelm Steinitz
Wilhelm Steinitz was an Austrian and then American chess player and the first undisputed world chess champion from 1886 to 1894. From the 1870s onwards, commentators have debated whether Steinitz was effectively the champion earlier...
, the first World Champion
World Chess Championship
The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the board game chess. Men and women of any age are eligible to contest this title....
, who confirmed the accuracy of her analyses. Gossip responded gallantly, dedicating his book Theory of the Chess Openings to her.
Unfortunately, this proved to be not only the high point of her chess career, but almost its end. Apart from playing one move in a "circulating game" in 1883, her victory against Gossip is the last known event in her career. Her obituary mentions "loss of sight" in "late years", and her vision may have already been declining when she played Gossip.
She died on February 12, 1900 in Hartford, Connecticut.
Notable games
Gilbert-Gossip, England-United States correspondence chess match, 1879 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Nxe4 6.Re1 Nc5 7.Bxc6 dxc6 8.Nxe5 Be7 9.d4 Ne6 10.Be3 0-0 11.Nc3 f6 12.Nd3 f5 13.Ne2 Bd6 14.f4 b5? 15.Rc1 Bb7 16.c4 bxc4 17.Nc5 Bc8 18.Rxc4 Rb8 19.b3 Qf6 20.Qd3 Qg6 21.Ra4 Nxc5 22.dxc5 Be7 23.Nd4 Kh8 24.Qc2 Bh4 25.Bf2 Bxf2+ 26.Qxf2 Re8 27.Nf3 Bb7 28.Ne5 Qe6 29.Rc4 Rbd8 30.Rc3 Qf6 31.Rce3 Rf8 32.Qe2 Rd4 33.Qh5 g6 34.Qh6 Rdd8 35.Rh3 Qg7 (see diagram) Gilbert now announced mate in 21: 36.Nxg6+ Kg8 37.Qxg7+ Kxg7 38.Nxf8 Rxf8 39.Re7+ Rf7 40.Rxh7+ Kxh7 41.Rxf7+ Kg6 42.Rxc7 Ba8 43.Ra7 Bb7 44.Rxb7 Kf6 45.h4 Kg6 46.Rc7 Kf6 47.Rxc6+ Ke7 48.h5 Kd7 49.Rg6 Ke7 50.c6 a5 51.c7 Kd7 52.h6 Kxc7 53.h7 a4 54.h8(Q) axb3 55.Qh7+ Kd8 56.Rg8#Checkmate
Checkmate is a situation in chess in which one player's king is threatened with capture and there is no way to meet that threat. Or, simply put, the king is under direct attack and cannot avoid being captured...