Electronic switching system
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In telecommunication
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded...

s, an electronic switching system (ESS) is:
  • A telephone exchange
    Telephone exchange
    In the field of telecommunications, a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls...

     based on the principles of time-division multiplexing
    Time-division multiplexing
    Time-division multiplexing is a type of digital multiplexing in which two or more bit streams or signals are transferred apparently simultaneously as sub-channels in one communication channel, but are physically taking turns on the channel. The time domain is divided into several recurrent...

     of digitized analog signals. An electronic switching system digitizes analog signals from subscriber loops, and interconnects them by assigning the digitized signals to the appropriate time slots. It may also interconnect digital data or voice circuits.
  • A switching system with major devices constructed of semiconductor components. A semi-electronic switching system that had reed relay
    Reed relay
    A reed relay is a type of relay that uses an electromagnet to control one or more reed switches. The contacts are of magnetic material and the electromagnet acts directly on them without requiring an armature to move them...

    s or crossbar matrices
    Crossbar switch
    In electronics, a crossbar switch is a switch connecting multiple inputs to multiple outputs in a matrix manner....

     for its talk paths, as well as semiconductor
    Semiconductor
    A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity due to electron flow intermediate in magnitude between that of a conductor and an insulator. This means a conductivity roughly in the range of 103 to 10−8 siemens per centimeter...

     components, was also considered to be an ESS in the 20th century.


In the late 20th century most telephone exchanges were eliminated that were not time-division ones, so interest in this distinction became primarily historical. When the term is still used, it means approximately the same thing as Stored Program Control exchange
Stored Program Control exchange
Stored Program Control exchange is the technical name used for telephone exchanges controlled by a computer program stored in the memory of the system. Early exchanges such as Strowger, panel, rotary, and crossbar switches were electromechanical and had no software control...


See also

  • List of telephone switches
  • Stored Program Control exchange
    Stored Program Control exchange
    Stored Program Control exchange is the technical name used for telephone exchanges controlled by a computer program stored in the memory of the system. Early exchanges such as Strowger, panel, rotary, and crossbar switches were electromechanical and had no software control...

  • Destination routing
    Destination routing
    Destination routing is a term used in telecommunications to define a sequential pathway that messages must pass through to reach a target destination.-Overview:...

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