Electroencephalophone
Encyclopedia
Brain wave
* Brain Wave, a science fiction novel by Poul Anderson* a neural oscillation* a layman term for the electric fields measured by Electroencephalography...
s (measured in the same way as an EEG) to generate or modulate sounds.
Dr. R. Furth, a mathematical physicist, and Dr. E.A. Bevers, a physiologist, invented the encephalophone in the early 1940s at the University of Edinburgh. The cross between an electroencephalograph (EEG) and sonar technology, it was meant to be a way for ordinary physicians to diagnose neuropathologies.
One was designed by Erkki Kurenniemi
Erkki Kurenniemi
Erkki Kurenniemi is a Finnish designer, philosopher and artist, best known for his electronic music compositions and the electronic instruments he has designed. He is considered one of the leading early pioneers of electronic music in Finland...
, a Finnish electronic music
Electronic music
Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments and electronic music technology in its production. In general a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound...
ian and artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
researcher, in the 1960s.
In the 1970s, David Rosenboom
David Rosenboom
David Rosenboom is an American composer and a pioneer in the use of neurofeedback, cross-cultural collaborations and compositional algorithms...
used EEG based devices to enable performers to create sound and music with their brain wave
Brain wave
* Brain Wave, a science fiction novel by Poul Anderson* a neural oscillation* a layman term for the electric fields measured by Electroencephalography...
s.
Eduardo Reck Miranda
Eduardo Reck Miranda
Eduardo Reck Miranda, Ph.D, , is a Brazilian composer of chamber and electroacoustic pieces but is most notable in the United Kingdom for his scientific research into computer music, particularly in the field of human-machine interfaces where brain waves will replace keyboards and voice commands to...
is currently (~2004) involved in research which uses neural networks and brain interfaces to create music.
James Fung, Ariel Garten
Ariel Garten
Ariel Garten is a Canadian artist, scientist and intellectual. She was an avant garde clothing designer with a store called Flavour Hall in Toronto, Canada. She is deemed to have made a "significant contribution to the field" for her work in integrating art and science...
, and Steve Mann
Steve Mann
Steven Mann , is a tenured professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto.-Education:...
(~2003) have created brainwave systems to control different musical variables in an interactive way, including underwater brainwave concerts http://wearcam.org/icmc2007/.
The electroencephalophone is a quintephone
Quintephone
In the classification proposed by Steve Mann, a Quintephone is a musical instrument that generates sound informatically .For Mann, electronic instruments, i.e...
in the sense that it creates sound from the "5th classical element" (i.e. from beyond the world of matter).
Related concepts
