Eicosanoid receptor
Encyclopedia
An eicosanoid receptor is an integral membrane protein
which detects
the presence of eicosanoid
signaling molecules. Most, though not all, are G protein-coupled receptor
s (GPCRs). An example of a non-GPCR receptor that binds eicosanoids is PPAR-γ
.
The following is a list of the known human eicosanoid GPCRs grouped according to the type of eicosanoid ligand
that each binds:
s:
:
s:
Integral membrane protein
An integral membrane protein is a protein molecule that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by "annular" lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membrane protein...
which detects
Receptor (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, a receptor is a molecule found on the surface of a cell, which receives specific chemical signals from neighbouring cells or the wider environment within an organism...
the presence of eicosanoid
Eicosanoid
In biochemistry, eicosanoids are signaling molecules made by oxidation of twenty-carbon essential fatty acids, ....
signaling molecules. Most, though not all, are G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors , also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein-linked receptors , comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal...
s (GPCRs). An example of a non-GPCR receptor that binds eicosanoids is PPAR-γ
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma , also known as the glitazone receptor, or NR1C3 is a type II nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the PPARG gene.Two isoforms of PPARG are detected in the human and in the mouse: PPAR-γ1 and...
.
The following is a list of the known human eicosanoid GPCRs grouped according to the type of eicosanoid ligand
Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. In a narrower sense, it is a signal triggering molecule, binding to a site on a target protein.The binding occurs by intermolecular forces, such as ionic bonds, hydrogen...
that each binds:
Leukotriene
LeukotrieneLeukotriene
Leukotrienes are fatty signaling molecules. They were first found in leukocytes . One of their roles is to trigger contractions in the smooth muscles lining the trachea; their overproduction is a major cause of inflammation in asthma and allergic rhinitis...
s:
- CysLT1 (Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYSLTR1 gene.-Further reading:...
) - - CysLT2 (Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYSLTR2 gene.-Further reading:...
) - - BLT1 (Leukotriene B4 receptorLeukotriene B4 receptorLeukotriene B4 receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTB4R gene....
) - - BLT2 (Leukotriene B4 receptor 2Leukotriene B4 receptor 2Leukotriene B4 receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTB4R2 gene.This is a low-affinity receptor for leukotrienes, especially leukotriene B4. It mediates chemotaxis of granulocytes and macrophages.-External links:*...
) -
Oxoeicosanoid
OxoeicosanoidOxoeicosanoid
The oxoeicosanoids are nonclassic eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid .Lipoxygenase produces 5-HETE from AA; a dehydrogenase produces oxoeicosanoids from 5-HETE....
:
- Oxoeicosanoid (OXE) receptor 1Oxoeicosanoid receptor 1Oxoeicosanoid receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OXER1 gene.-Further reading:...
-
Prostanoid
ProstanoidProstanoid
Prostanoid is the term used to describe a subclass of eicosanoids consisting of: the prostaglandins , the thromboxanes and the prostacyclins - Biosynthesis : Cyclooxygenase catalyzes the conversion of the free essential fatty acids to...
s:
- PGD2: DP-(PGD2)
- DP1 (Prostaglandin D2 receptorProstaglandin D2 receptorProstaglandin D2 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor, encoded by the PTGDR gene, for prostaglandin D2.-Mechanism:DP1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor...
) - - DP2 (GPR44GPR44G protein-coupled receptor 44 is a human protein. GPR44 has also been designated as CD294 .GPR44 has recently been found to belong to the prostanoid receptor family and named DP2, with this becoming the official IUPHAR nomenclature.-External links:...
) -
- DP1 (Prostaglandin D2 receptor
- PGE2:
- EP1-(PGE2) (PTGER1) -
- EP2-(PGE2) (PTGER2) -
- EP3-(PGE2) (PTGER3) -
- EP4-(PGE2) (PTGER4) -
- PGF2α: FP-(PGF2α) (PTGFR) -
- PGI2 (prostacyclinProstacyclinProstacyclin is a member of the family of lipid molecules known as eicosanoids.As a drug, it is also known as "epoprostenol". The terms are sometimes used interchangeably.-History:...
): IP-(PGI2) (PTGIR) - - TXA2 (thromboxaneThromboxaneThromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids. The two major thromboxanes are thromboxane A2 and thromboxane B2. The distinguishing feature of thromboxanes is a 6-membered ether-containing ring....
): TP-(TXA2) (TBXA2R) -