Economic history of Bulgaria
Encyclopedia
Economic history of Bulgaria is the economic history of Bulgaria
form the creation of the First Bulgarian Empire
to now-a-days.
Bulgarian economic history has six major economic periods: economy of First Bulgarian Empire
(1) and Second Bulgarian Empire
(2), economy of Bulgarian people during Ottoman rule (3), economy of Kingdom of Bulgaria
(4), communist planned economy (5), free market economy after the fall of Communism (6). With the third, fourth and to some extent fifth period it is well known that Bulgarian economy was mainly agricultural, but in the communist era the country was quickly industiralized and developed economic sectors like tourism. Microelectronics and computer production was also a major tenet in the Communist era (later 70s and in the 80s). Massive industrialisation was entirelly dependant of Comecon
and thus literaly disapeared after the changes towards democracy, with computer production and microelectronics turned to mainly inner needs, however the Internet and ITC appeared as new economic directions on the place of the previous microelectronic 'glory' and tourism made a major boom drawing from the advantages of the Bulgarian nature, Bulgarian hospitality and desire for night-life, the last one was either forbidden or at least near to illegal during the communism.
Agriculture was slightly losing its place during Communism because of the huge industrialisation and moving of people from the coutryside to the bigger cities, also because of the state education which was free of charge and made Bulgaria among the nations with biggest percent of people with higher education. The change towards free market economy was also slow though embraced by the people and only after 2000-2001 Bulgaria could recognize itself as a modern market economy.
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
form the creation of the First Bulgarian Empire
First Bulgarian Empire
The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in the north-eastern Balkans in c. 680 by the Bulgars, uniting with seven South Slavic tribes...
to now-a-days.
Bulgarian economic history has six major economic periods: economy of First Bulgarian Empire
First Bulgarian Empire
The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in the north-eastern Balkans in c. 680 by the Bulgars, uniting with seven South Slavic tribes...
(1) and Second Bulgarian Empire
Second Bulgarian Empire
The Second Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state which existed between 1185 and 1396 . A successor of the First Bulgarian Empire, it reached the peak of its power under Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II before gradually being conquered by the Ottomans in the late 14th-early 15th century...
(2), economy of Bulgarian people during Ottoman rule (3), economy of Kingdom of Bulgaria
Kingdom of Bulgaria
The Kingdom of Bulgaria was established as an independent state when the Principality of Bulgaria, an Ottoman vassal, officially proclaimed itself independent on October 5, 1908 . This move also formalised the annexation of the Ottoman province of Eastern Rumelia, which had been under the control...
(4), communist planned economy (5), free market economy after the fall of Communism (6). With the third, fourth and to some extent fifth period it is well known that Bulgarian economy was mainly agricultural, but in the communist era the country was quickly industiralized and developed economic sectors like tourism. Microelectronics and computer production was also a major tenet in the Communist era (later 70s and in the 80s). Massive industrialisation was entirelly dependant of Comecon
Comecon
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance , 1949–1991, was an economic organisation under hegemony of Soviet Union comprising the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of communist states elsewhere in the world...
and thus literaly disapeared after the changes towards democracy, with computer production and microelectronics turned to mainly inner needs, however the Internet and ITC appeared as new economic directions on the place of the previous microelectronic 'glory' and tourism made a major boom drawing from the advantages of the Bulgarian nature, Bulgarian hospitality and desire for night-life, the last one was either forbidden or at least near to illegal during the communism.
Agriculture was slightly losing its place during Communism because of the huge industrialisation and moving of people from the coutryside to the bigger cities, also because of the state education which was free of charge and made Bulgaria among the nations with biggest percent of people with higher education. The change towards free market economy was also slow though embraced by the people and only after 2000-2001 Bulgaria could recognize itself as a modern market economy.