EIF-2 kinase
Encyclopedia
Kinase
In chemistry and biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates, a process referred to as phosphorylation. Kinases are part of the larger family of phosphotransferases...
enzyme that phosphorylates eIF-2.
There are four forms in mammals:
- EIF2AK1: heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRIEIF2AK1Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK1 gene.-Further reading:...
) - EIF2AK2: the double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (PKRProtein kinase RProtein kinase RNA-activated also known as protein kinase R , interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, or eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK2 gene.PKR protects against viral...
) - EIF2AK3EIF2AK3Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK3 gene. Patients with mutations in this gene develop Wolcott-Rallison syndrome.-Interactions:...
: PEK/PERK - EIF2AK4: GCN2EIF2AK4Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK4 gene.-Further reading:...
These are all responsible for the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF-2 at serine
Serine
Serine is an amino acid with the formula HO2CCHCH2OH. It is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. By virtue of the hydroxyl group, serine is classified as a polar amino acid.-Occurrence and biosynthesis:...
51, one of the best-characterized mechanisms for down-regulating protein
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
synthesis in eukaryote
Eukaryote
A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes may more formally be referred to as the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. The defining membrane-bound structure that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells is the nucleus, or nuclear...
s in response to various cellular stress response's.