Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy, abbreviated as (FPLD), is a rare monogenic form of insulin resistance

Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance is a physiological condition where the natural hormone insulin becomes less effective at lowering blood sugars. The resulting increase in blood glucose may raise levels outside the normal range and cause adverse health effects, depending on dietary conditions. Certain cell types...

 characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities

Limb (anatomy)

A limb is a jointed, or prehensile , appendage of the human or other animal body....

, trunk

Torso

Trunk or torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies from which extend the neck and limbs. The trunk includes the thorax and abdomen.-Major organs:...

, and gluteal region. FPLD recapitulates the main metabolic attributes of the insulin resistance syndrome

Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that, when occurring together, increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It affects one in five people in the United States and prevalence increases with age...

, including central obesity

Central obesity

Abdominal obesity, colloquially known as belly fat or clinically as central obesity, is the accumulation of abdominal fat resulting in an increase in waist size...

, hyperinsulinemia

Hyperinsulinemia

Hyperinsulinemia, or hyperinsulinaemiais a condition which there is excess levels of insulin circulating in the blood than expected relative to the level of glucose. While it is often mistaken for diabetes or hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia can result from a variety of metabolic diseases and...

, glucose intolerance and diabetes usually type 2, dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia or dyslipidaemia is an abnormal amount of lipids in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, often due to diet and lifestyle. The prolonged elevation of insulin levels can lead to dyslipidemia...

, hypertension

Hypertension

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a cardiac chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated. What that means is that the heart is having to work harder than it should to pump the blood around the body. Blood pressure involves two measurements, systolic and...

, and early endpoints of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol...

. It can also result in hepatic steatosis. FPLD results from mutations in LMNA

LMNA

Lamin A/C also known as LMNA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNA gene. Lamin A/C belongs to the lamin family of proteins.-Function:...

 gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

, which is the gene that encodes nuclear lamins A and C.