Dual Segmented Langmuir Probe (DSLP)

is an instrument developed primarily by Czech researchers and engineers to study the magnetospheric background plasma flown on-board the spacecraft of the European Space Agency (ESA) Proba 2

Proba-2

PROBA2 is the second satellite in the European Space Agency's series of PROBA low-cost satellites that are being used to validate new spacecraft technologies while also carrying scientific instruments. PROBA2 is a small satellite developed under an ESA General Support Technology Program contract...

.
Data acquired by DSLP will be used to reach these specific scientific goals:

• 
  Directional Measurements:
  Contrary to classical Langmuir probes, the new DSLP concept of data acquisition from the independent segments will enable to study also plasma characteristics in different directions. This should provide for example estimations of plasma flow velocity. Typically in the presence of magnetic field, electron temperatures are observed to be slightly different in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This temperature anisotropy should be measured with DSLP by way of directional data acquisition.
  
• 
  Non-Maxwellian Features in Ionospheric Plasma:
  Classical theories for LPs are typically developed for plasmas in a thermodynamic equilibrium, that is for particle populations possessing Maxwellian velocity distribution functions. However, a thermodynamic equilibrium and thus a Maxwellian distribution is an idealized case while the real distribution in many plasma environments often exhibits various non-Maxwellian features, like loss-cone or flat-top distributions or high-energy tails. We intend to adapt the DSLP theoretical model in order to see whether such features exist also in ionospheric plasmas.
  
• 
  Ionospheric Irregularities: Ionosphere especially in the equatorial region possess several phenomena such equatorial ionization anomaly or ionospheric perturbations in auroral and cusp regions. The latitudinal distribution of these anomalies should be mapped during the whole mission. The effects are also highly dependent on space weather, on magnetospheric forces induced by solar, interplanetary and magnetospheric disturbances. Hence also coordination with LYRA
  LYRA
  LYRA is the solar UV radiometer on board Proba-2, a European Space Agency technology demonstration satellite that was launched on November 2, 2009....
  
   and SWAP
  SWAP
  The "Sun Watcher using Active Pixel System Detector and Image Processing" telescope is a compact EUV imager on board the PROBA2 mission that will observe the Sun in extreme ultraviolet ....
  
   (other Proba 2
  Proba-2
  PROBA2 is the second satellite in the European Space Agency's series of PROBA low-cost satellites that are being used to validate new spacecraft technologies while also carrying scientific instruments. PROBA2 is a small satellite developed under an ESA General Support Technology Program contract...
  
   payload) measurements would be useful to find a correlation between particular solar events and ionospheric disturbances.
  
• 
  Ionospheric Perturbations by Solar Events (CMEs): This scientific objective will use cooperation with LYRA
  LYRA
  LYRA is the solar UV radiometer on board Proba-2, a European Space Agency technology demonstration satellite that was launched on November 2, 2009....
  
   and SWAP
  SWAP
  The "Sun Watcher using Active Pixel System Detector and Image Processing" telescope is a compact EUV imager on board the PROBA2 mission that will observe the Sun in extreme ultraviolet ....
  
   experiments and further more enhance the sphere of interest. Detected solar event, if possible, should start DSLP burst measurement when the solar event affects the Earth.
  
• 
  Mapping Bulk Plasma Parameters: All acquired DSLP data will be used to map the bulk plasma parameters (primarily electron density and temperature) and to study their latitude and seasonal variations.
  

The DSLP instrument consists of two Langmuir probes, electronics and small data processing unit. DSLP shares some interface, power and processing resources with TPMU experiment. DSLP has been developed on the basis of its predecessor ISL (Instrument Sonde de Langmuir), flown on the
Demeter

Demeter (satellite)

DEMETER is a French micro-satellite operated by CNES devoted to the investigation of the ionospheric disturbances due to seismic and volcanic activity. It was launched on June 29, 2004 on a quasi Sun-synchronous circular orbit with an inclination of about 98.23° and an altitude of about 710 km...

 mission of CNES.

DSLP was developed by the consortium of
Astronomical
Institute

Astronomical Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences

The Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences was founded in 1954. Currently, it has its headquarters in Ondřejov observatory, roughly 35 km south-east from Prague and its director is Petr Heinzel....

and Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Research and Scientific Support Department (RSSD) ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Czech Space Research Centre (CSRC), Brno Czech Republic, and SPRINX Systems, Prague, Czech Republic.