Drum Set Tuning

Drum set tuning is the process of tensioning drumhead

Drumhead

A drumhead is a membrane stretched over one or both of the open ends of a drum. The drumhead is struck with sticks, mallets, or hands so that it vibrates and the sound resonates through the drum.-History:...

s on a drum to produce a pleasing drum tone. A drummer tunes the drums using a drum key, a small, square socket-wrench that fits over the tension rods.

Drum tuning styles and techniques vary between different drums, music genres, and the preferences of drummers. In addition to tuning drums, drummers often treat drums with muffling material to alter the drum sound.

Tom Toms

Tuning toms is the act of ensuring that:

• the tensions on the individual batter and resonant heads on each drum are consistent and deliver a clear tone;
• the tensions on the heads deliver the desired fundamental pitch when struck;
• the relationships between the batter head and resonant head provide a sound character suitable for your intended use; and
• that the relationships between individual drums and the overall drumset provide a logical and pleasant sounding combination.

When tuning a drum, know that the top (batter) head controls attack and ring, while the bottom head controls resonance, sustain, overtones, and timbre.

Snare drum and bass drum

Snare drum

• The thin, sensitive bottom (resonant) head is generally tuned looser than the batter head;
• the resonant head tensioning is adjusted to allow the snares to sit into the snare beds; and
• treatment or muffling may be applied to the drum head to control overtones.

Bass or Kick drum

• The resonant (front) head is usually looser than the batter head and is mainly responsible for the fundamental, audible tone of the drum;
• The resonant head can have a small (approx 6") offset hole to allow for air pressure escape and for the insertion of a microphone;
• Some drummers muffle bass drum tone by inserting a towel, blanket, or something of similar material.

The Process

• Checking that the physical condition of the drum, drum head and hardware that is to be used are in appropriate condition;
• seating the head - this shapes the generic factory-shaped head to match the specific drum that you will be using; ""WARNING"": Check with your specific drum head manufacturer for seating instructions as some do not recommend this old school procedure anymore due to the use of newer drum head materials and manufacturing processes and will reduce the life span, tuning abilities and or permanently damage the drum head rendering it unusable.
• tuning the batter head to pitch;
• tuning the Resonant head to pitch relative to the batter head; and finally
• relating each drum's pitch and sustain to the other drums in the drumset to make the drumset a pleasant-sounding unit in accordance with the drummer's requirements

When tensioning a head,start by tightening the tension rod closest to you; don't tighten it all the way, just a couple of turns. (This is because you want keep an even tension across the drum head, which you can't do if one lug is super-tight and the others are super-loose.) Now move to the tension rod opposite the first lug and give that tension rod the same number of turns; do the same with the remaining lugs, in order, moving from one side of the head to the other.

When you return to the first tension rod, tighten this rod a little tighter, and then move around the lugs again, applying a little extra tension each time around. Keep this up until the head is free of wrinkles and a very low tone

Hypotonia

Hypotonia is a state of low muscle tone , often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is not a specific medical disorder, but a potential manifestation of many different diseases and disorders that affect motor nerve control by the brain or muscle strength...

 is produced when you hit the head.

Continue tightening the rods (in order), a little bit at a time—no more than a quarter turn each time. From time to time, you should tap the head next to each tension rod and tighten or loosen each rod so that the tones are all the same all around the drum. (When drummers say that a drum "is in tune with itself," they mean that the head is equally tensioned all the way around.)

Repeat this procedure until the head has the desired pitch

Pitch

Pitch may refer to:* Pitch , a viscous substance produced by plants or formed from petroleum* Pitch * sales pitch** elevator pitch, a very short sales pitch such as that made during an elevator ride* Pitch accent-Music and acoustics:...

. (At times it might be desired to use a specific key or individual musical notes to tune each drum to, creating more melodic tones and a more musical sound to the drums overall). Give the head another set of taps around the edges to make sure the tuning is even, and then you're done—with that head. If you use double- headed drums, you'll need to repeat this procedure with the bottom head.

Muffling

Many drummers prefer a dryer sound with less ring. There are many different techniques you can use to reduce ring.

One approach is to loosen the batter head a quarter to a half turn. Another way is to either increase or decrease the pitch of the bottom head so that it's different from the pitch of the top head. Either of these approaches produces a slightly dryer, funkier sound.

If you still have unwanted ring—or don't like the tone of these types of heads—then you can turn to any of the following external muffling techniques:

• Use a commercial muffling device, like those that look like Mylar "O" rings. (You can also make your own muffling rings by cutting up an old drumhead.) Some of these come with multiple rings of different sizes; you can layer multiple rings on top of each other to increase or decrease the muffling effect.
• Put a strip of duct tape
  Duct tape
  Duct tape, or duck tape, is cloth- or scrim-backed pressure sensitive tape often sealed with polyethylene. It is very similar to gaffer tape but differs in that gaffer tape was designed to be cleanly removed, while duct tape was not. It has a standard width of and is generally silver or black...
  
   on your batter head. Experiment with different lengths of tape, and with different positions for the tape on your head. You can even layer multiple strips for a heavier muffle.
• Tape a tissue or napkin to the rim of your drum, and let it lay loose on your batter head. Again, experiment with different thicknesses and positions.
• For toms and snares, try putting a hunk of moongel
  Moongel
  Moongel is a translucent blue, sticky, gel-like substance produced by the drum practice products company RTOM. It has been incorporated into several products....
  
   on the head. The bigger the piece of gel, the more the sound is muffled.
• An "old school" muffling technique is to cut a long strip of felt and mount it underneath the batter head on a tom or snare, or across the front bass drum head. Know, however, that many of today's drummers dismiss felt muffling as dated, and feel that the felt strip interferes with the seating of the head to the drum's bearing edge, making the drum slightly more difficult to tune.
• For bass drums, put a pillow inside the drum. You can control the amount of muffling by adjusting how much of the pillow touches the front or rear heads; the less contact, the less muffling. (Some companies produce dedicated bass drum mufflers that look like odd-shaped pillows; these work in the same fashion.)
• Also for bass drums: Cut a hole in the front head. The hole eliminates the drum's natural resonance and creates a punchier sound with a more defined attack. And the bigger the hole, the less resonance you'll hear.

External links

• Tunadrum.com - Detailed factual step-by-step information on drum tuning

Printed Reference Matter

• Fundamental Modes Of A Circular Membrane With Radial Constraints On The Boundary

Wang C.Y.
Journal of Sound and Vibration

Journal of Sound and Vibration

The Journal of Sound and Vibration is a scientific journal in the field of acoustics. It is published by Elsevier.-External links:*...

, February 1999, vol. 220, no. 3, pp. 559–563, Ingenta.

• Comments On “Fundamental Frequency Of A Wavy Non-Homogeneous Circular Membrane”

Laura P.A.A.; Rossit C.A.; Bambill D.V.
Journal of Sound and Vibration, December 2000, vol. 238, no. 4, pp. 720–722, Ingenta.