Division 1 season 1995-96
Encyclopedia
AJ Auxerre
AJ Auxerre
Association de la Jeunesse Auxerroise is a French association football club based in the commune of Auxerre in Burgundy. The club was founded in 1905 and currently play in Ligue 1, the top division of French football. Auxerre plays its home matches at the Stade l'Abbé-Deschamps on the banks of the...

 won Division 1 season 1995/1996 of the French Association Football League
Ligue de Football Professionnel
The Ligue de Football Professionnel , commonly known as the LFP, is a French governing body that runs the major professional football leagues in France. It was founded in 1944 and serves under the authority of the French Football Federation...

 with 72 points.

Participating teams

  • Auxerre
  • Bastia
    SC Bastia
    Sporting Club de Bastia is a French association football club based in Bastia on the island of Corsica. The club currently plays in the Championnat National, the third division of French football. Bastia previously had stints in both Ligue 1 and Ligue 2...

  • Bordeaux
  • AS Cannes
    AS Cannes
    Association Sportive de Cannes Football is a French association football club based in Cannes. The club was formed 1902 as a sports club and currently play in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth division of French football. Cannes plays its home matches at the Stade Pierre de Coubertin...

  • FC Gueugnon
    FC Gueugnon
    Football Club Gueugnonnais was a French association football club based in Gueugnon. The club was formed in 1940 and played in the Championnat National, the third level of French football, before entering liquidation in April 2011. Gueugnon played its home matches at the Stade Jean Laville...

  • EA Guingamp
  • Le Havre AC
    Le Havre AC
    Le Havre Athletic Club Football Association is a French association football club based in Le Havre. The club was founded originally as an athletics and rugby club in 1872, thus making it the oldest association football and rugby club registered in France...

  • RC Lens
    RC Lens
    Racing Club de Lens is a French association football club based in the northern city of Lens in the Pas-de-Calais department. Its nickname, sang et or , comes from its traditional colours of red and gold. Their primary rivals are their northern neighbors Lille OSC, whom they contest the Derby du...

  • Lille OSC
    Lille OSC
    LOSC Lille Métropole is a French association football club based in Lille. The club was founded in 1944 as a result of a merger and currently play in Ligue 1, the first division of French football. Lille plays its home matches at the Stade Lille-Metropole in nearby Villeneuve-d'Ascq. In 2012, the...

  • Olympique Lyonnais
    Olympique Lyonnais
    Olympique Lyonnais is a French association football club based in Lyon. They play in France's highest football division, Ligue 1. The club was formed as Lyon Olympique Universitaire in 1899, according to many supporters and sport historians, but was nationally established as a club in 1950. The...

 
  • FC Martigues
    FC Martigues
    FC Martigues play in the Championnat National, which is the third level of football in France. The club was formed in 1921 and played regional football until the early 1970s when the club gained promotion to the professional Second Division.The club's greatest achievement was winning promotion to...

  • FC Metz
    FC Metz
    Football Club de Metz, commonly referred to as simply Metz , is a French association football club based in Metz. The club was formed in 1932 and has spent most of its history in the Ligue 1, though they currently play in Ligue 2, the second level in French football league system. Metz plays its...

  • AS Monaco FC
    AS Monaco FC
    Association Sportive de Monaco Football Club are a French football club based in Fontvieille, Monaco. The club was founded in 1924 and currently play in Ligue 2, the second tier of French football. The team plays its home matches at the Stade Louis II located within Fontvieille...

  • Montpellier HSC
    Montpellier HSC
    Montpellier Hérault Sport Club is a French association football club based in the city of Montpellier. The club was founded in 1919 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top level of French football. Montpellier plays its home matches at the Stade de la Mosson, located within the city...

  • FC Nantes Atlantique
    FC Nantes Atlantique
    Football Club de Nantes is a French association football club based in Nantes, Pays de la Loire. The club was founded on 21 April 1943, during World War II, as a result of local clubs based in the city coming together to form one big club. From 1992–2007, the club was referred to as FC Nantes...

  • OGC Nice
    OGC Nice
    Olympique Gymnaste Club Nice Côte d'Azur is a French association football club based in Nice. The club was founded in 1904 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top-tier of French football. Nice plays its home matches at the Stade Municipal du Ray located within the city. In 2013, the club is...

  • Paris Saint-Germain FC
  • Stade Rennais FC
    Stade Rennais FC
    Stade Rennais Football Club is a French association football club based in Rennes. The club was founded in 1901 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top tier of French football. Rennes plays its home matches at the Stade de la Route de Lorient located within the city...

  • AS Saint-Étienne
    AS Saint-Étienne
    Association Sportive de Saint-Étienne Loire is a French association football club based in Saint-Étienne. The club was founded in 1919 and currently play in Ligue 1, the top division of French football. Saint-Étienne plays its home matches at the Stade Geoffroy-Guichard located within the city...

  • RC Strasbourg
    RC Strasbourg
    Racing Club de Strasbourg is a French association football club founded in 1906 and professional since 1933, based in the city of Strasbourg, in Alsace...


  • Final table

    Position Club Points Played W D L GF GA GD av. attendance Europe, Ligue 2
    1 AJ Auxerre
    AJ Auxerre
    Association de la Jeunesse Auxerroise is a French association football club based in the commune of Auxerre in Burgundy. The club was founded in 1905 and currently play in Ligue 1, the top division of French football. Auxerre plays its home matches at the Stade l'Abbé-Deschamps on the banks of the...

    72 38 22 6 10 69 30 +36 11015 Champion of France
    Champions League
    UEFA Champions League 1996-97
    The 1996–97 UEFA Champions League was the 42nd edition of UEFA's premier European club football tournament, the fifth since its rebranding as the UEFA Champions League, and the last involving only clubs that were champions of their domestic leagues. The tournament was won by Borussia Dortmund in a...

     and winner of Coupe de France
    Coupe de France
    The Coupe Charles Simon, commonly known as the Coupe de France , is the premier knockout cup competition in French football organized by the French Football Federation...

    2 Paris SG  68 38 19 11 8 65 36 +29 37353 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
    UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1996-97
    The season 1996-97 of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was won by FC Barcelona after beating holders Paris Saint-Germain in the final. It was the last of four occasions that the Catalan club won the tournament.-Qualifying round:-First leg:...

     (holders)
    3 AS Monaco  68 38 19 11 8 64 39 +25 6307 UEFA Cup
    UEFA Cup 1996-97
    The UEFA Cup 1996-97 was won by Schalke 04 in penalties over Internazionale.This was the last year in which the UEFA Cup Final was played in a two-legged, home-and-away format...

    4 FC Metz
    FC Metz
    Football Club de Metz, commonly referred to as simply Metz , is a French association football club based in Metz. The club was formed in 1932 and has spent most of its history in the Ligue 1, though they currently play in Ligue 2, the second level in French football league system. Metz plays its...

     
    65 38 18 11 9 42 30 +12 16003 UEFA Cup
    UEFA Cup 1996-97
    The UEFA Cup 1996-97 was won by Schalke 04 in penalties over Internazionale.This was the last year in which the UEFA Cup Final was played in a two-legged, home-and-away format...

     (winner of Coupe de la Ligue
    Coupe de la Ligue
    The Coupe de la Ligue , known outside of France as the French League Cup, is a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel...

    )
    5 RC Lens
    RC Lens
    Racing Club de Lens is a French association football club based in the northern city of Lens in the Pas-de-Calais department. Its nickname, sang et or , comes from its traditional colours of red and gold. Their primary rivals are their northern neighbors Lille OSC, whom they contest the Derby du...

     
    63 38 16 15 7 45 31 +14 25492 UEFA Cup
    UEFA Cup 1996-97
    The UEFA Cup 1996-97 was won by Schalke 04 in penalties over Internazionale.This was the last year in which the UEFA Cup Final was played in a two-legged, home-and-away format...

    6 Montpellier HSC
    Montpellier HSC
    Montpellier Hérault Sport Club is a French association football club based in the city of Montpellier. The club was founded in 1919 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top level of French football. Montpellier plays its home matches at the Stade de la Mosson, located within the city...

     
    60 38 17 9 12 51 40 +11 9929 UEFA Cup
    UEFA Cup 1996-97
    The UEFA Cup 1996-97 was won by Schalke 04 in penalties over Internazionale.This was the last year in which the UEFA Cup Final was played in a two-legged, home-and-away format...

    7 FC Nantes  55 38 14 13 11 44 42 +2 24474 Intertoto Cup
    8 Stade Rennais  54 38 13 15 10 44 41 +3 13031 Intertoto Cup
    9 RC Strasbourg
    RC Strasbourg
    Racing Club de Strasbourg is a French association football club founded in 1906 and professional since 1933, based in the city of Strasbourg, in Alsace...

     
    54 38 14 12 12 46 44 +2 15334 Intertoto Cup
    10 EA Guingamp  53 38 13 14 11 34 33 +1 11495 Wins Intertoto Cup, go to UEFA Cup
    UEFA Cup 1996-97
    The UEFA Cup 1996-97 was won by Schalke 04 in penalties over Internazionale.This was the last year in which the UEFA Cup Final was played in a two-legged, home-and-away format...

    11 Olympique Lyonnais
    Olympique Lyonnais
    Olympique Lyonnais is a French association football club based in Lyon. They play in France's highest football division, Ligue 1. The club was formed as Lyon Olympique Universitaire in 1899, according to many supporters and sport historians, but was nationally established as a club in 1950. The...

     
    48 38 10 18 10 41 41 0 22251
    12 OGC Nice
    OGC Nice
    Olympique Gymnaste Club Nice Côte d'Azur is a French association football club based in Nice. The club was founded in 1904 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top-tier of French football. Nice plays its home matches at the Stade Municipal du Ray located within the city. In 2013, the club is...

     
    45 38 12 9 17 37 44 -7 5428
    13 Le Havre AC
    Le Havre AC
    Le Havre Athletic Club Football Association is a French association football club based in Le Havre. The club was founded originally as an athletics and rugby club in 1872, thus making it the oldest association football and rugby club registered in France...

     
    45 38 11 12 15 33 45 -12 9590
    14 AS Cannes
    AS Cannes
    Association Sportive de Cannes Football is a French association football club based in Cannes. The club was formed 1902 as a sports club and currently play in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth division of French football. Cannes plays its home matches at the Stade Pierre de Coubertin...

     
    44 38 12 8 18 45 51 -6 4839
    15 SC Bastia
    SC Bastia
    Sporting Club de Bastia is a French association football club based in Bastia on the island of Corsica. The club currently plays in the Championnat National, the third division of French football. Bastia previously had stints in both Ligue 1 and Ligue 2...

     
    44 38 12 8 18 45 55 -10 4816
    16 Bordeaux
    FC Girondins de Bordeaux
    Football Club des Girondins de Bordeaux is a French association football club based in the city of Bordeaux. The club currently play in Ligue 1, the first division of French football, and won its last Ligue 1 title in the 2008–09 season....

     
    42 38 11 9 18 44 52 -8 14764
    17 Lille OSC
    Lille OSC
    LOSC Lille Métropole is a French association football club based in Lille. The club was founded in 1944 as a result of a merger and currently play in Ligue 1, the first division of French football. Lille plays its home matches at the Stade Lille-Metropole in nearby Villeneuve-d'Ascq. In 2012, the...

     
    39 38 9 12 17 27 50 -23 8676
    18 FC Gueugnon
    FC Gueugnon
    Football Club Gueugnonnais was a French association football club based in Gueugnon. The club was formed in 1940 and played in the Championnat National, the third level of French football, before entering liquidation in April 2011. Gueugnon played its home matches at the Stade Jean Laville...

     
    38 38 8 14 16 27 46 -19 Relegated to Ligue 2
    Ligue 2
    Ligue 2 , formerly known as Division 2, is a French professional football league. The league serves as the second division of French football and is one of two divisions making up the Ligue de Football Professionnel , the other being Ligue 1, the country's top football division...

    19 AS Saint-Étienne
    AS Saint-Étienne
    Association Sportive de Saint-Étienne Loire is a French association football club based in Saint-Étienne. The club was founded in 1919 and currently play in Ligue 1, the top division of French football. Saint-Étienne plays its home matches at the Stade Geoffroy-Guichard located within the city...

     
    34 38 6 16 16 36 59 -23 Relegated to Ligue 2
    Ligue 2
    Ligue 2 , formerly known as Division 2, is a French professional football league. The league serves as the second division of French football and is one of two divisions making up the Ligue de Football Professionnel , the other being Ligue 1, the country's top football division...

    20 FC Martigues
    FC Martigues
    FC Martigues play in the Championnat National, which is the third level of football in France. The club was formed in 1921 and played regional football until the early 1970s when the club gained promotion to the professional Second Division.The club's greatest achievement was winning promotion to...

     
    34 38 9 7 22 31 58 -27 Relegated to Ligue 2
    Ligue 2
    Ligue 2 , formerly known as Division 2, is a French professional football league. The league serves as the second division of French football and is one of two divisions making up the Ligue de Football Professionnel , the other being Ligue 1, the country's top football division...



    Promoted from Ligue 2
    Ligue 2
    Ligue 2 , formerly known as Division 2, is a French professional football league. The league serves as the second division of French football and is one of two divisions making up the Ligue de Football Professionnel , the other being Ligue 1, the country's top football division...

     , who will play in Division 1 season 1996/1997
      • SM Caen
        SM Caen
        Stade Malherbe Caen is a professional French football team, playing in the city of Caen, Normandy. The club was founded on 17 November 1913 following the merger of Club Malherbe Caennais and Club Sportif Caennais...

         : champion of Ligue 2
        Ligue 2
        Ligue 2 , formerly known as Division 2, is a French professional football league. The league serves as the second division of French football and is one of two divisions making up the Ligue de Football Professionnel , the other being Ligue 1, the country's top football division...

      • Olympique Marseille : runners-up
      • AS Nancy
        AS Nancy
        Association Sportive Nancy-Lorraine is a French association football club based in Nancy. The club was founded in 1967 and currently play in Ligue 1, the top level of French football. Nancy plays its home matches at the Stade Marcel Picot in Tomblaine, a commune located in the Arrondissement of...

         : 3rd place

    Top goalscorers

    Position Player's name Nationality Club Goals
    1 Sonny Anderson
    Sonny Anderson
    Anderson da Silva Nilmar , known as Sonny or Anderson, is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a striker....

    AS Monaco 21
    2 Anto Drobnjak   Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SC Bastia
    SC Bastia
    Sporting Club de Bastia is a French association football club based in Bastia on the island of Corsica. The club currently plays in the Championnat National, the third division of French football. Bastia previously had stints in both Ligue 1 and Ligue 2...

    20
    3 Florian Maurice
    Florian Maurice
    Florian Maurice is a French retired footballer. He played as a striker, and most notably won the 1998 Coupe de France and Coupe de la Ligue with French team Paris Saint-Germain...

    Olympique Lyonnais
    Olympique Lyonnais
    Olympique Lyonnais is a French association football club based in Lyon. They play in France's highest football division, Ligue 1. The club was formed as Lyon Olympique Universitaire in 1899, according to many supporters and sport historians, but was nationally established as a club in 1950. The...

    18
    4 Julio César Dely Valdes Paris SG 15
    4 Japhet N'Doram
    Japhet N'Doram
    Japhet N'Doram is a retired Chadian footballer who played as a striker.His 14-year playing career was mainly spent with Nantes, which he represented in several capacities...

    FC Nantes 15
    4 Sylvain Wiltord
    Sylvain Wiltord
    Sylvain Claude Wiltord is a French footballer who currently plays for FC Nantes. With the French national team, Wiltord has won Euro 2000 and reached the final of the 2006 FIFA World Cup....

    Stade Rennais 15
    7 Raí
    Raí
    Raí, full name Raí Souza Vieira de Oliveira is a former Brazilian football midfielder. He was part of the Brazil team which won 1994 FIFA World Cup. He also played for São Paulo FC when he had the most glorious time of his career, and Paris Saint-Germain, two clubs for which he has achieved...

    Paris SG 14
    8 Youri Djorkaeff
    Youri Djorkaeff
    Youri Raffi Djorkaeff is a former French international footballer who played as a forward or as an attacking midfielder. With the French national team, Djorkaeff won the 1998 FIFA World Cup and Euro 2000...

    Paris SG 13
    8 Corentin Martins
    Corentin Martins
    Corentin Martins da Silva , known as Martins, is a retired French footballer of Portuguese descent, who played as an attacking midfielder.-Club career:...

    AJ Auxerre
    AJ Auxerre
    Association de la Jeunesse Auxerroise is a French association football club based in the commune of Auxerre in Burgundy. The club was founded in 1905 and currently play in Ligue 1, the top division of French football. Auxerre plays its home matches at the Stade l'Abbé-Deschamps on the banks of the...

    13
    10 James Debbah
    James Debbah
    James 'Salinda' Debbah is a Liberian football striker currently Free Agent. He also play on the Liberia national football team.- Personal :...

    OGC Nice
    OGC Nice
    Olympique Gymnaste Club Nice Côte d'Azur is a French association football club based in Nice. The club was founded in 1904 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top-tier of French football. Nice plays its home matches at the Stade Municipal du Ray located within the city. In 2013, the club is...

    12
    10 Christophe Horlaville
    Christophe Horlaville
    Christophe Horlaville is a former French footballer.-Playing career:Horlaville spent a 13 year career in the French leagues with various clubs. He also played two months in the English Football League with Port Vale; he started one game and also made one substitute appearance for the First...

    AS Cannes
    AS Cannes
    Association Sportive de Cannes Football is a French association football club based in Cannes. The club was formed 1902 as a sports club and currently play in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth division of French football. Cannes plays its home matches at the Stade Pierre de Coubertin...

    12
    10 Lilian Laslandes
    Lilian Laslandes
    Lilian Laslandes is a retired French footballer. He has been capped seven times and scored three goals for the French national team...

    AJ Auxerre
    AJ Auxerre
    Association de la Jeunesse Auxerroise is a French association football club based in the commune of Auxerre in Burgundy. The club was founded in 1905 and currently play in Ligue 1, the top division of French football. Auxerre plays its home matches at the Stade l'Abbé-Deschamps on the banks of the...

    12
    13 Bruno Rodriguez
    Bruno Rodriguez
    Bruno Rodriguez is a retired French footballer. He played as a striker.Rodriguez spent most of his career in France except for two short, unsuccessful loan spells at Bradford City in 1999 and Rayo Vallecano in 2001....

    SC Bastia
    SC Bastia
    Sporting Club de Bastia is a French association football club based in Bastia on the island of Corsica. The club currently plays in the Championnat National, the third division of French football. Bastia previously had stints in both Ligue 1 and Ligue 2...

    11
    13 Alain Caveglia
    Alain Caveglia
    Alain Caveglia is a retired French footballer who played as a striker.-Football career:A prolific goalscorer, Caveglia started at FC Gueugnon, making his first division debuts on 21 August 1990 with FC Sochaux-Montbéliard, against Stade Brestois 29.After two more seasons at Le Havre AC, he moved...

    Le Havre AC
    Le Havre AC
    Le Havre Athletic Club Football Association is a French association football club based in Le Havre. The club was founded originally as an athletics and rugby club in 1872, thus making it the oldest association football and rugby club registered in France...

    11
    13 Robert Pirès
    Robert Pirès
    Robert Emmanuel Pirès is a former French international footballer. He is perhaps best known for his time with Arsenal, with whom he won three FA Cups and two FA Premier League titles including the club's famous unbeaten season of 2003–04...

    FC Metz
    FC Metz
    Football Club de Metz, commonly referred to as simply Metz , is a French association football club based in Metz. The club was formed in 1932 and has spent most of its history in the Ligue 1, though they currently play in Ligue 2, the second level in French football league system. Metz plays its...

    11
    13 Cyrille Pouget
    Cyrille Pouget
    Cyrille Pouget is a French former professional football player.-External links:*...

    FC Metz
    FC Metz
    Football Club de Metz, commonly referred to as simply Metz , is a French association football club based in Metz. The club was formed in 1932 and has spent most of its history in the Ligue 1, though they currently play in Ligue 2, the second level in French football league system. Metz plays its...

    11
    13 Fabien Lefèvre
    Fabien Lefèvre
    Fabien Lefèvre is a French slalom canoer who has competed since the early 2000s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won two medals in the K-1 event with a silver in 2008 and a bronze in 2004....

    Montpellier HSC
    Montpellier HSC
    Montpellier Hérault Sport Club is a French association football club based in the city of Montpellier. The club was founded in 1919 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top level of French football. Montpellier plays its home matches at the Stade de la Mosson, located within the city...

    11
    13 Christophe Sanchez
    Christophe Sanchez
    Christophe Sanchez is a former French football player.-References:**...

    Montpellier HSC
    Montpellier HSC
    Montpellier Hérault Sport Club is a French association football club based in the city of Montpellier. The club was founded in 1919 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top level of French football. Montpellier plays its home matches at the Stade de la Mosson, located within the city...

    11
    13 Marco Grassi
    Marco Grassi
    Marco Grassi is a retired Swiss footballer, who played as a centre forward.-Club career:During his career, spent entirely in Switzerland and France, Grassi represented SC Zug, FC Chiasso, FC Zürich, Servette FC, Stade Rennais, AS Monaco, FC Sion, AS Cannes, Olympique Lyonnais and OGC Nice.As an...

    Stade Rennais 11
    20 Bernard Diomède
    Bernard Diomède
    Bernard Diomède is a retired French footballer of Guadeloupean descent. He played as a winger.-Club career:...

    AJ Auxerre
    AJ Auxerre
    Association de la Jeunesse Auxerroise is a French association football club based in the commune of Auxerre in Burgundy. The club was founded in 1905 and currently play in Ligue 1, the top division of French football. Auxerre plays its home matches at the Stade l'Abbé-Deschamps on the banks of the...

    9
    20 Lionel Rouxel EA Guingamp 9
    20 Tony Vairelles
    Tony Vairelles
    Tony Vairelles is a French football striker. He currently plays for FC Gueugnon.-Club career:A much-travelled striker or winger, the talented Vairelles started his professional career with hometown club AS Nancy before moving to RC Lens in summer 1995...

    RC Lens
    RC Lens
    Racing Club de Lens is a French association football club based in the northern city of Lens in the Pas-de-Calais department. Its nickname, sang et or , comes from its traditional colours of red and gold. Their primary rivals are their northern neighbors Lille OSC, whom they contest the Derby du...

    9
    20 Antoine Sibierski
    Antoine Sibierski
    Antoine Sibierski is a French former footballer of Polish descent who played as a midfielder for clubs such as Manchester City and Newcastle United.- Early career :...

    Lille OSC
    Lille OSC
    LOSC Lille Métropole is a French association football club based in Lille. The club was founded in 1944 as a result of a merger and currently play in Ligue 1, the first division of French football. Lille plays its home matches at the Stade Lille-Metropole in nearby Villeneuve-d'Ascq. In 2012, the...

    9
    20 Samuel Ipoua
    Samuel Ipoua
    Samuel Ipoua Hamben is a former Cameroonian football player.He played for several European clubs, including OGC Nice , A.C. Torino , Rapid Vienna , Toulouse FC , FSV Mainz, TSV 1860 München and LR Ahlen in Germany...

    OGC Nice
    OGC Nice
    Olympique Gymnaste Club Nice Côte d'Azur is a French association football club based in Nice. The club was founded in 1904 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top-tier of French football. Nice plays its home matches at the Stade Municipal du Ray located within the city. In 2013, the club is...

    9
    20 Alexander Mostovoi
    Alexander Mostovoi
    Aleksandr Vladimirovich Mostovoi is a retired Russian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.Known as El Zar, from his lengthy spell at Spain's Celta de Vigo, he was often referred to as a 'genius playmaker' during his time there, in addition to a volatile temperament.-Spartak...

    RC Strasbourg
    RC Strasbourg
    Racing Club de Strasbourg is a French association football club founded in 1906 and professional since 1933, based in the city of Strasbourg, in Alsace...

    9

    Sources

    • France Football
      France Football
      France Football is a French bi-weekly magazine containing football news from all over the world. It's one of the most reputable sports publications in Europe, mostly because of their photographic reports and accurate statistics of the big European Cup matches, and extensive coverage of the European...

      :N°2627
    The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
     
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