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Diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry
Encyclopedia
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry
and clinical psychology
.
Psychiatry
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the study and treatment of mental disorders. These mental disorders include various affective, behavioural, cognitive and perceptual abnormalities...
and clinical psychology
Clinical psychology
Clinical psychology is an integration of science, theory and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development...
.
Diagnostic Criteria
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders...
- ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disordersICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disorders- Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders :* Dementia in Alzheimer's disease* Vascular dementia** Multi-infarct dementia* Dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere** Dementia in Pick's disease...
- Chinese Classification of Mental DisordersChinese Classification of Mental DisordersThe Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders , published by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry , is a clinical guide used in China for the diagnosis of mental disorders. It is currently on a third version, the CCMD-3, written in Chinese and English...
- Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)Research Diagnostic CriteriaThe Research Diagnostic Criteria are a collection of psychiatric diagnostic criteria published in late 1970s . As psychiatric diagnoses widely varied especially between the USA and Europe, the purpose of the criteria were allow diagnoses to be consistent in psychiatric research...
- Feighner Criteria
Interview instruments using the above criteria
- Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IVThe Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders is a diagnostic exam used to determine DSM-IV Axis I disorders and Axis II disorders . There are at least 700 published studies in which the SCID was the diagnostic instrument used...
- Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS)Schedule for Affective Disorders and SchizophreniaThe Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia is a collection of psychiatric diagnostic criteria and symptom rating scales published in 1978. There are three versions of the schedule, the regular SADS, the lifetime version and a version for measuring change in symptomology...
- Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI)Mini-international neuropsychiatric interviewThe Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview is a short structured clinical interview which enables researchers to make diagnoses of psychiatric disorders according to DSM-IV or ICD-10. The administration time of the interview is approximately 15 minutes and was designed for epidemiological...
- World Health Organisation Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)
- Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN)
Depression
For further information see Rating scales for depressionRating scales for depression
A depression rating scale is a psychiatric measuring instrument having descriptive words and phrases that indicate the severity of depression symptoms for a time period. When used, an observer may make judgements and rate a person at a specified scale level with respect to identified characteristics...
- Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
- Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating ScaleThe Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale is a ten-item diagnostic questionnaire which psychiatrists use to measure the severity of depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders...
- Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)Beck Depression InventoryThe Beck Depression Inventory , created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression...
- Zung Self-Rating Depression ScaleZung Self-Rating Depression ScaleThe Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was designed by Duke University psychiatrist Dr. William W.K. Zung to assess the level of depression for patients diagnosed with depressive disorder....
- Major Depression InventoryMajor Depression InventoryThe Major Depression Inventory is a self-report mood questionnaire developed by the World Health Organisation. The instrument was constructed by a team led by Professor Per Bech, a psychiatrist based at Frederiksborg General Hospital in Denmark...
- Geriatric Depression ScaleGeriatric Depression ScaleThe Geriatric Depression Scale is a 30-item self-report assessment used to identify depression in the elderly.-Description:The GDS questions are answered "yes" or "no", instead of a five-category response set. This simplicity enables the scale to be used with ill or moderately cognitively impaired...
- Beck Hopelessness ScaleBeck Hopelessness ScaleThe Beck Hopelessness Scale is a 20-item self-report inventory developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck that was designed to measure three major aspects of hopelessness: feelings about the future, loss of motivation, and expectations...
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression ScaleHospital Anxiety and Depression ScaleHADS is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. It is a 10 point scale such that if a patient scores the lowest possible value of 1 they are considered to possibly need clinical psychiatric treatment...
- Edinburgh Postnatal Depression ScaleEdinburgh Postnatal Depression ScaleThe Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a 10-item questionnaire that developed to identify women who have PPD. Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation...
Anxiety
For further information see Anxiety disorders- Zung Self-Rating Anxiety ScaleZung Self-Rating Anxiety ScaleThe Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was designed by William W. K. Zung, a psychiatrist from Duke University, to quantify a patient's level of anxiety....
- Beck Anxiety InventoryBeck Anxiety InventoryThe Beck Anxiety Inventory , created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck and other colleagues, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used for measuring the severity of an individual's anxiety.-BAI:...
- Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
- Hamilton Anxiety Scale
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression ScaleHospital Anxiety and Depression ScaleHADS is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. It is a 10 point scale such that if a patient scores the lowest possible value of 1 they are considered to possibly need clinical psychiatric treatment...
- Social Phobia InventorySocial Phobia InventorySocial Phobia Inventory abbreviated as is a questionnaire developed by the department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences of Duke University for screening and measuring severity of social anxiety disorder. This self-reported assessment scale consists of 17 items, which cover the main spectrum of...
- Panic and Agoraphobia ScalePanic and Agoraphobia ScaleThe Panic and Agoraphobia Scale is a rating scale developed for measuring severity of agoraphobia with or without panic attacks. The PAS scale contains 13 questions based on a five point Litkert scale...
- Panic Disorder Severity ScalePanic Disorder Severity ScaleThe Panic Disorder Severity Scale is a questionnaire developed for measuring severity of panic disorder. The clinician-administered PDSS is intended to assess severity and considered a reliable tool for monitoring of treatment outcome...
- PTSD Symptom Scale – Self-Report VersionPTSD Symptom Scale – Self-Report VersionPTSD Symptom Scale – Self-Report Version is a 17-item self-reported questionnaire to assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Each of the 17 items describe PTSD symptoms which respondents rate in terms of their frequency or severity using a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 3...
- Trauma Screening QuestionnaireTrauma Screening QuestionnaireTrauma Screening Questionnaire abbreviated as is a questionnaire developed for screening of posttraumatic stress disorder. The TSQ was adapted from the PTSD Symptom Scale – Self-Report Version . This self-reported assessment scale consists of 10 items, which cover one of the main signs of PTSD....
Psychosis
For further information see PsychosisPsychosis
Psychosis means abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality"...
- Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)Brief Psychiatric Rating ScaleThe Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale is rating scale which a clinician or researcher may use to measure psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hallucinations and unusual behaviour...
- Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
Mania
For more further information see ManiaMania
Mania, the presence of which is a criterion for certain psychiatric diagnoses, is a state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/ or energy levels. In a sense, it is the opposite of depression...
- Young Mania Rating ScaleYoung Mania Rating ScaleThe Young Mania Rating Scale is an eleven-item, multiple-choice diagnostic questionnaire which psychiatrists use to measure the severity of manic episodes in patients...
- Altman Self-Rating Mania ScaleAltman Self-Rating Mania ScaleThe Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale is an five-item self-reported diagnostic scale to assess the level of mania and hypomania symptoms for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder...
Eating Disorders
- Anorectic Behavior Observation ScaleAnorectic Behavior Observation ScaleThe Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale is a thirty-item diagnostic questionnaire devised to be answered by the parents, spouse or other family member of an individual suspected of having an eating disorder. It was developed by Vandereyken et al. in 1992. The questions address three factors;...
- Binge Eating ScaleBinge Eating ScaleThe Binge Eating Scale is a sixteen item questionnaire used to assess the presence of binge eating behavior indicative of an eating disorder. It was devised by J. Gormally et al. in 1982 specifically for use with obese individuals. The questions are based upon both behavioral characteristics and...
- Eating Attitudes TestEating Attitudes TestThe Eating Attitudes Test is a widely used standardized self-report measure of symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders and is more fully described on the EAT-26.com website...
- Eating Disorder InventoryEating Disorder InventoryThe Eating Disorder Inventory is a self-report questionnaire used to assess the presence of eating disorders, Anorexia Nervosa both restricting and binge-eating/purging type; Bulimia Nervosa; and Eating disorder not otherwise specified including Binge Eating Disorder...
Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
For more further information see DementiaDementia
Dementia is a serious loss of cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging...
- Mini-mental state examinationMini-mental state examinationThe mini–mental state examination or Folstein test is a brief 30-point questionnaire test that is used to screen for cognitive impairment. It is commonly used in medicine to screen for dementia...
- Clinical Dementia RatingClinical Dementia RatingThe Clinical Dementia Rating or CDR is a numeric scale used to quantify the severity of symptoms of dementia .Using a structured-interview protocol developed by John C...
- Abbreviated mental test scoreAbbreviated mental test scoreThe abbreviated mental test score was introduced by Hodkinson in 1972 to rapidly assess elderly patients for the possibility of dementia. Its uses in medicine have become somewhat wider, e.g. to assess for confusion and other cognitive impairment, although it has mainly been validated in the...
- General Practitioner Assessment Of CognitionGeneral Practitioner Assessment Of CognitionThe General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition is a brief screening test for cognitive impairment introduced by Brodaty et al. in 2002. It was specifically developed for the use in the primary care setting.- The test :...
- Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the ElderlyInformant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the ElderlyThe Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly is a questionnaire that can be filled out by a relative or other supporter of an older person to determine whether that person has declined in cognitive functioning. The IQCODE is used as a screening test for dementia...
Global Scales
- Clinical Global ImpressionClinical Global ImpressionThe Clinical Global Impression rating scales are commonly used measures of symptom severity, treatment response and the efficacy of treatments in treatment studies of patients with mental disorders...
- Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS)Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating ScaleThe Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale is a scale for rating the severity of psychiatric symptoms and observed behaviour. CPRS was developed by Swedish psychiatrists Marie Åsberg, Carlo Perris, Daisy Schalling, and Göran Sedvall in collaboration with the British psychiatrist, Stuart...
- Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)Global Assessment of FunctioningThe Global Assessment of Functioning is a numeric scale used by mental health clinicians and physicians to subjectively rate the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of adults, e.g., how well or adaptively one is meeting various problems-in-living. The scale is presented and...
- Children's Global Assessment ScaleChildren's Global Assessment ScaleThe Children's Global Assessment Scale is a numeric scale used by mental health clinicians and doctors to rate the general functioning of children under the age of 18.-Application:...
Other
- Adult ADHD Self-Report ScaleAdult ADHD Self-Report ScaleThe Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist is a self-reported questionnaire used to assist in the diagnosis of adult ADHD.-Background:...
- Barnes Akathisia ScaleBarnes Akathisia ScaleThe Barnes Akathisia Scale is a rating scale that is administered by physicians to assess the severity of drug-induced akathisia. The Barnes Akathisia Scale is the most widely used rating scale for akathisia. This scale includes objective and subjective items such as the level of the patient's...
- Buss-Perry Aggression QuestionnaireBuss-Perry Aggression QuestionnaireThe Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire was designed Arnold Buss and Mark Perry, professors from the University of Texas at Austin in a 1992 article for the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology...
- Hare Psychopathy ChecklistHare Psychopathy ChecklistIn contemporary research and clinical practice, Robert D. Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised is the psycho-diagnostic tool most commonly used to assess psychopathy...
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality InventoryMinnesota Multiphasic Personality InventoryThe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is one of the most frequently used personality tests in mental health. The test is used by trained professionals to assist in identifying personality structure and psychopathology....
- Narcissistic Personality InventoryNarcissistic Personality InventoryThe Narcissistic Personality Inventory is the most widely used measure of narcissism in social psychological research. Although several versions of the NPI have been proposed in the literature, a forty-item forced-choice version is the one most commonly employed in current research...