Deva Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Encyclopedia
Teen Maharaja, Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (July 17, 1862 - February 20, 1914) was Prime Minister of Nepal for only 144 days in 1901.
) and Rani Nanda Kumari, niece of Bhimsen Thapa
and Mathbar Singh Thapa who were both prime ministers of Nepal.
His father and brothers had difficulties in maintaining a huge family. The Shamshers were poorer than the Jang and other cousins, so to ease the burden on Dhir Shamsher, Dev Shamsher was adopted at a very young age by his father's childless elder brother, General Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji and was raised by him and his wife.
As the adopted child of General Ranaji, who was a governor of Palpa
, Dev Shamsher had a lavish upbringing compared to his natural brothers. The only occasions that he met his own siblings were during festivities and family gatherings. He was closer to the sons of Jang Bahadur and spent the majority of his time in their palace, Thapathali Durbar. He inherited the entire wealth of his uncle as well as a share of his father's wealth. Since he was much richer than his brothers they became envious.
, murdered many of the sons of Jung Bahadur and took over Nepal in a military coup d'état
thus bringing in the rule of the Shamsher Rana family also known as the Satra bhai (17 brothers) family. They murdered Sri Teen Maharaja Ranodip Singh
and occupied the hereditary throne of Prime Minister. After this they added Jang Bahadur
to their name, although they were descended from Jang's younger brother Dhir Shamsher.
Dev Shamsher felt guilty for what had transpired during the coup, also a key incident happened during the coup which affected him deeply. He was held at gunpoint by General Dhoj Narsingh Rana, but was allowed to live and forgiven. For this he felt a lot of guilt and asked for the exiled family members to return to Nepal. General Dhoj Narsingh Rana, adopted son of Ranodip Singh (biological father was Badri Narsingh Rana) had to flee with his family to India along with many of Jang Bahadur
's descendants. The British government did not help any of the exiled Jang princes whose fathers had saved the British and their Empire
in 1857.
Although this bloody coup was plotted by the Shamsher brothers, Dev Shamsher was kept ignorant about it all throughout. Because of his close relationship with the Jang family the Shamshers did not trust Dev to be part of the coup against the Jangs. In fact, the night that the Shamshers attacked and killed the Jang Ranas, Dev Shamsher was sleeping intoxicated in the quarters of one of the sons of Jang Bahadur
, Ranabir Jang. He was mistaken for being a Jang and nearly killed had it not been for one of the killers who recognized him as a Shamsher and spared him.
When the Shamshers killed and exiled the powerful Jang family and other rival Rana families, they took control of the immense wealth of the Jangs. It is said that the deprived Shamshers and their family did not even know how to wear all this new jeweleries and use other items of glamour and constantly sought the advice of Dev Shamsher and his wives who use to mock them at their ignorance.
15). He claimed his heredity from his late brother Sri Teen Maharaja, Prime Minister Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
, and got the "Laal Mohur", official stamp of the King of Nepal
from then King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah.
According to the traditions of the Rana family, relatives were appointed to high office.
Dev Shamsher kept his brother Fathe Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana as Hujuriya General (Chief of the Prime Minister’s body guard) and his nephew General Gehendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana in his post of spy-chief and head of police. Gahendra Shamsher was one of the most powerful people at this time. He had placed his allies in all the high positions of the police force since the time of his father, Prime Minister Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
. Dev Shamsher appointed his brother Sher Shamsher as the Chief of Staff to then King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah and even built a palace for him. And in the same year 1901 A.D. Sher Shamsher was appointed as the first director of Nepal’s first national newspaper Gorkhapatra
which is still the government national daily.
His brothers' envy led them to overthrow him in 1901 when he had become Teen Maharajah.
Dev Shamsher was very satisfied with the plan "Universal Education" (Aksharanka Shiksha) prepared by Jay Prithivi Bahadur Singh, King of Bajhang
. Later it was published in Gorkhapatra 1st and 2nd Edition 1958 B.S. (1901 A.D.). Dev Shamsher remarked, "If anyone wishes to satisfy the prime minister, it should be with the works like this, not flattery". The publication of Weekly Gorkhapatra started on May 1901 (B.S. 1958. Vaisakha 24). Within a short period of time the paper progressed well and started bi-weekly publication. Owing to its popularity, later it started daily issue, which has become the oldest and largest daily of Nepal today.
Iron ore mine was started in Thosay during Dev Shumshere's time. The Thosay bazaar is 15 km away north from Manthali
, the headquarter of Ramechhap district
. At one time this was Nepal's largest iron ore processing center. Iron from this area was used for manufacturing weapons that were used during war with Tibet
. Trekkers pass through this Thosay bazaar on their way to Mt. Sagarmatha (Everest) (Gorkhapatra Daily, Jan. 16, 2002)
During his short tenure, Dev Shamsher was known as "The Reformist" for his progressive policies, he proclaimed universal education, began to build schools, took steps to abolish slavery
, and introduced several other social welfare schemes. He also made improvements to the arsenal at Nakkhu (south of Kathmandu). A democratic person, he took the advice of his nephew General Gahendra Shamsher and decided to establish a parliament and built a big hall in his Thapathali durbar like his uncle, Prime Minister and Chief of the Army (Marshal) Jang Bahadur
.
He proposed a system of universal public primary education, using Nepali as the language of instruction, and opening Durbar High School
to children who were not members of the Rana clan. His call for reforms did not entirely disappear, however. A few Nepali-language primary schools in the Kathmandu Valley
, the Hill Region, and the Tarai remained open, and the practice of admitting a few middle- and low-caste children to Durbar High School
continued.
Deva Shamsher was also responsible for introducing a campaign in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur
and Patan
to fight corruption, as well as introducing a cannon shot at midday to let the people know the time. He organized a ladies court like his late uncle Jang Bahadur
. He was the first person to introduce the newspaper to Nepal, Gorkhapatra
, which is still the national daily. He made his 'Sindure Yatra' royal proclamation 8 times in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Nagarkot, Kakani etc. Sources claim that his lifestyle was lavish. In his short 4-month regime, he introduced gambling for 2 months, along with bhajan
from 3-5 p.m. and silent movies
from 8-10 p.m.
Now unlike his predecessors Dev Shamsher being a reformist was evidently well-read in the history of Japan
and saw a parallelism with the Shogunate of Japan and likewise he emulated the reforms of the Meiji Restoration
of Japan. It was Dev Shamsher who planned to send Nepali youths to Japan for higher studies.
Wisteria, Chrysanthemum, Persimmon and the big size Chestnut (Nillahar, Godaboriphool, Haluwabed and thulo Kattus), which are now familiar plants in Nepal, especially the Kathmandu valley
, were imported as seeds from Japan by one of the students who studied agriculture there.
He learned a lot through books and people about the modernization programs of Japan since 1868, the famous Meiji Ishin, the government policy, Meiji Constitution and realized Japan was becoming a powerful nation in economy and national security. Dev Shumsher was every inch a democrat, convinced by the idea of constitutional monarchy and Parliamentary system. He saw Japan as his model. He chose an advanced Asian nation for learning probably because of some similarities between Nepal and Japan rejoining their cultural and then political situation. Unfortunately Dev Shumsher could not implement his plan during his very short period of 144 days rule. However, the next Prime Minister Chandra Shumsher
sent the students to Japan in April 1902.
Dev Shamsher had 12 sons and 3 daughters. His principal wife was Badamaharani Karma Kumari, Maharani Krishna Kumari (daughter of the King Surendra
, in fact, Dev Shamsher was the only amongst the 17 Shamsher brothers to marry a princess from the royal family of Nepal) and Rani Ganesh Kumari.
Sons of Dev Shamsher,
Daughters of Dev Shamsher,
. He was succeeded by his brother Chandra Shamsher
. He was first exiled to Dhankuta
as governor of East Nepal hence he was also known as the 'Dhankute Maharaj' but he later fled to Ilam
and Darjeeling.
Dev Shamsher sent a message to the League of Nations
informing them of his exile and the good work he was doing in Nepal, but nothing came out of it. Chandra Shamsher
made special request to the British to look after Dev Shamsher and ensure a comfortable retirement so as to ensure that he would not interfere with Nepal matters ever again. The British offered him a large plot of land in New Delhi
, which is now the Connaught Place
/Connaught Circle but he refused choosing to settle in Jharipani in Mussorie instead citing that he favored the cooler hills to the heat of Delhi. He built a sprawling collection of grand buildings near Jharipani with huge gateways marking the entrances to what they had named the Fairlawn Palace where he lived till the day he died. Fairlawn palace in Jharipani Mussorie was later sold by his descendants and was in ruins for a long time. The ruins of the Palace are still present and part of the estate has been developed for a school and residential purpose.
All of Dev Shamsher's children were in exile with him in Mussorie although they were allowed to travel back and forth to Nepal. It was only during the time of Prime Minister Juddha Shamsher that they were allowed to return back to Nepal. Juddha Shamsher being very young was raised by Dev Shamsher's wife Karmakumari. Dev Shamsher had agreed to the wishes of his dying father Dhir Shamsher to have Juddha in the line of succession. The issue of Juddha Shamsher's mother Johar Kumari's caste remains a mystery till date and it is widely believed that she came from a no-caste Sanyasi (Giri-Puri-Bharati) background.
Despite this both Dev and his wife were very supportive to Juddha Shamsher throughout and were crucial in ensuring him in the line of succession. They were like his foster parents. So when Juddha Shamsher eventually became Prime Minister of Nepal he called back all of Dev's descendants in exile back to Nepal. They were given back their palaces in Thapathali and large plots of land in Banke and Bardiya districts of Nepal where some of his descendants still reside. They were once again enlisted in top military position and all of Dev's children and grandchildren were given allowances from the state. As a tribute to his foster mother, the wife of Dev Shamsher, Juddha Shamsher later built a huge statue of her which can be seen inside the premises of the present day Zoo in Jawalakhel. It is the biggest statue of any female in the country. Much of Dev Shamsher's descendants can now be found either in Thapathali in Kathmandu, the traditional home of the Ranas, or in Nepalgunj
in western Nepal and in Dehradun
in India.
Family and early life
He was the fourth of 17 sons born to the Chief of the Army Dhir Shamsher Rana (a younger brother of Jang BahadurJang Bahadur
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana was a ruler of Nepal and founder of the Rana dynasty of Nepal...
) and Rani Nanda Kumari, niece of Bhimsen Thapa
Bhimsen Thapa
Bhimsen Thapa was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 1806 to 1837. After his initial rise to become the prime minister of Nepal during the reign of Rana Bahadur, the successive minority of Girvan Yuddha Shah and Rajendra Bikram Shah, along with the support from Maharani Tripurasundari helped him to...
and Mathbar Singh Thapa who were both prime ministers of Nepal.
His father and brothers had difficulties in maintaining a huge family. The Shamshers were poorer than the Jang and other cousins, so to ease the burden on Dhir Shamsher, Dev Shamsher was adopted at a very young age by his father's childless elder brother, General Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji and was raised by him and his wife.
As the adopted child of General Ranaji, who was a governor of Palpa
Palpa District
-Village Development Committee :*Archale*Argali*Bahadurpur*Bakamalang*Baldengadhi*Bandi Pokhara*Barangdi old name archale barangdi name came from barandi khola on the bank of this river the famous rani mahal is situated*Bhairabsthan*Bhuwan...
, Dev Shamsher had a lavish upbringing compared to his natural brothers. The only occasions that he met his own siblings were during festivities and family gatherings. He was closer to the sons of Jang Bahadur and spent the majority of his time in their palace, Thapathali Durbar. He inherited the entire wealth of his uncle as well as a share of his father's wealth. Since he was much richer than his brothers they became envious.
Coup
In 1885, the Shamsher family, the nephews of Jang BahadurJang Bahadur
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana was a ruler of Nepal and founder of the Rana dynasty of Nepal...
, murdered many of the sons of Jung Bahadur and took over Nepal in a military coup d'état
Coup d'état
A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...
thus bringing in the rule of the Shamsher Rana family also known as the Satra bhai (17 brothers) family. They murdered Sri Teen Maharaja Ranodip Singh
Renaudip Singh Bahadur
Maharaja Sir Renaudip Singh Bahadur also spelt Ranodip or Ranadip, KCSI, Kaiser-i-Hind , was the second Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty....
and occupied the hereditary throne of Prime Minister. After this they added Jang Bahadur
Jang Bahadur
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana was a ruler of Nepal and founder of the Rana dynasty of Nepal...
to their name, although they were descended from Jang's younger brother Dhir Shamsher.
Dev Shamsher felt guilty for what had transpired during the coup, also a key incident happened during the coup which affected him deeply. He was held at gunpoint by General Dhoj Narsingh Rana, but was allowed to live and forgiven. For this he felt a lot of guilt and asked for the exiled family members to return to Nepal. General Dhoj Narsingh Rana, adopted son of Ranodip Singh (biological father was Badri Narsingh Rana) had to flee with his family to India along with many of Jang Bahadur
Jang Bahadur
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana was a ruler of Nepal and founder of the Rana dynasty of Nepal...
's descendants. The British government did not help any of the exiled Jang princes whose fathers had saved the British and their Empire
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...
in 1857.
Although this bloody coup was plotted by the Shamsher brothers, Dev Shamsher was kept ignorant about it all throughout. Because of his close relationship with the Jang family the Shamshers did not trust Dev to be part of the coup against the Jangs. In fact, the night that the Shamshers attacked and killed the Jang Ranas, Dev Shamsher was sleeping intoxicated in the quarters of one of the sons of Jang Bahadur
Jang Bahadur
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana was a ruler of Nepal and founder of the Rana dynasty of Nepal...
, Ranabir Jang. He was mistaken for being a Jang and nearly killed had it not been for one of the killers who recognized him as a Shamsher and spared him.
When the Shamshers killed and exiled the powerful Jang family and other rival Rana families, they took control of the immense wealth of the Jangs. It is said that the deprived Shamshers and their family did not even know how to wear all this new jeweleries and use other items of glamour and constantly sought the advice of Dev Shamsher and his wives who use to mock them at their ignorance.
Accession
He became the Prime Minister of Nepal at the age of 37 years and 7 months on March 5, 1901 (1957 FalgunFalgun
Falgun is the eleventh month in the नेपाली Nepali calendar বঙ্গাব্দ Bangla Calendar and the Bikram Sambat. This also marks the arrival of spring,the sixth and final season in Nepal and Bangladesh...
15). He claimed his heredity from his late brother Sri Teen Maharaja, Prime Minister Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Maharaja Sir Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GCSI, , was the 17th Prime Minister of Nepal. He was born to the Chief of the Army Dhir Shamsher Rana . He and his brothers plotted the assassination of their doddering uncle, the Prime Minister Renaudip Singh Bahadur...
, and got the "Laal Mohur", official stamp of the King of Nepal
Nepalese monarchy
The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom of Nepal , also referred to as the Gorkha Kingdom, was formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal. Founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah The Kingdom...
from then King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah.
According to the traditions of the Rana family, relatives were appointed to high office.
- Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur RanaChandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur RanaField-Marshal Maharaja Sri Teen Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, , was the fifth Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty. He served in this capacity from 27 June 1901, following the deposition of his brother Deva Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, to his death in 1929...
became Chief of the Army - Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana became Western Commanding General
- Fathe Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana became Eastern Commanding General
- Jeet Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana became Southern Commanding General
- Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana became Northern Commanding General
Dev Shamsher kept his brother Fathe Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana as Hujuriya General (Chief of the Prime Minister’s body guard) and his nephew General Gehendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana in his post of spy-chief and head of police. Gahendra Shamsher was one of the most powerful people at this time. He had placed his allies in all the high positions of the police force since the time of his father, Prime Minister Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Maharaja Sir Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GCSI, , was the 17th Prime Minister of Nepal. He was born to the Chief of the Army Dhir Shamsher Rana . He and his brothers plotted the assassination of their doddering uncle, the Prime Minister Renaudip Singh Bahadur...
. Dev Shamsher appointed his brother Sher Shamsher as the Chief of Staff to then King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah and even built a palace for him. And in the same year 1901 A.D. Sher Shamsher was appointed as the first director of Nepal’s first national newspaper Gorkhapatra
Gorkhapatra
Gorkhapatra is the oldest national daily newspaper of Nepal. It is run by Gorkhapatra Sansthan.-External links:*...
which is still the government national daily.
His brothers' envy led them to overthrow him in 1901 when he had become Teen Maharajah.
Dev Shamsher was very satisfied with the plan "Universal Education" (Aksharanka Shiksha) prepared by Jay Prithivi Bahadur Singh, King of Bajhang
Bajhang District
-Towns and villages:Banjh,Bhairab Nath,Bhamchaur,Bhatekhola,Byasi,Chaudhari,Dahabagar,Dangaji,Dantola,Daulichaur,Deulekh,Deulikot,Dhamena,Gadaraya,Hemantabada,Kadal,Kailash,Kalukheti,Kanda,Kaphalaseri,Khiratadi,Koiralakot,Kot Bhairab,Kotdewal,...
. Later it was published in Gorkhapatra 1st and 2nd Edition 1958 B.S. (1901 A.D.). Dev Shamsher remarked, "If anyone wishes to satisfy the prime minister, it should be with the works like this, not flattery". The publication of Weekly Gorkhapatra started on May 1901 (B.S. 1958. Vaisakha 24). Within a short period of time the paper progressed well and started bi-weekly publication. Owing to its popularity, later it started daily issue, which has become the oldest and largest daily of Nepal today.
Iron ore mine was started in Thosay during Dev Shumshere's time. The Thosay bazaar is 15 km away north from Manthali
Manthali, Janakpur
Manthali is a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3097 people living in 588 individual households.-External links:*...
, the headquarter of Ramechhap district
Ramechhap District
Ramechhap District of 212,408 and a density of 137.4 per km2. The district has the highest population of endangered native group Kusunda and has the lowest population growth rate in Nepal.-Etymology:...
. At one time this was Nepal's largest iron ore processing center. Iron from this area was used for manufacturing weapons that were used during war with Tibet
Tibet
Tibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people...
. Trekkers pass through this Thosay bazaar on their way to Mt. Sagarmatha (Everest) (Gorkhapatra Daily, Jan. 16, 2002)
During his short tenure, Dev Shamsher was known as "The Reformist" for his progressive policies, he proclaimed universal education, began to build schools, took steps to abolish slavery
Slavery
Slavery is a system under which people are treated as property to be bought and sold, and are forced to work. Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase or birth, and deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to demand compensation...
, and introduced several other social welfare schemes. He also made improvements to the arsenal at Nakkhu (south of Kathmandu). A democratic person, he took the advice of his nephew General Gahendra Shamsher and decided to establish a parliament and built a big hall in his Thapathali durbar like his uncle, Prime Minister and Chief of the Army (Marshal) Jang Bahadur
Jang Bahadur
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana was a ruler of Nepal and founder of the Rana dynasty of Nepal...
.
He proposed a system of universal public primary education, using Nepali as the language of instruction, and opening Durbar High School
Durbar High School
Durbar High School which translates to Palace High School, opened in 1892 is the oldest modern school in Nepal. Located in Ranipokhari, Kathmandu, it originally taught only members of the ruling family, but was opened to private citizens in 1902....
to children who were not members of the Rana clan. His call for reforms did not entirely disappear, however. A few Nepali-language primary schools in the Kathmandu Valley
Kathmandu Valley
The Kathmandu Valley , located in Nepal, lies at the crossroads of ancient civilizations of Asia, and has at least 130 important monuments, including several places of pilgrimage for the Hindus and the Buddhists. There are seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites within this valley.-Etymology:The city of...
, the Hill Region, and the Tarai remained open, and the practice of admitting a few middle- and low-caste children to Durbar High School
Durbar High School
Durbar High School which translates to Palace High School, opened in 1892 is the oldest modern school in Nepal. Located in Ranipokhari, Kathmandu, it originally taught only members of the ruling family, but was opened to private citizens in 1902....
continued.
Deva Shamsher was also responsible for introducing a campaign in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur
Bhaktapur
Bhaktapur , also Bhadgaon or Khwopa is an ancient Newar town in the east corner of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. It is located in Bhaktapur District in the Bagmati Zone...
and Patan
Patan
Patan may refer to places in Afghanistan, India and Nepal:Afghanistan*Patan, AfghanistanIndia*Patan district, in the state of Gujarat**Patan, Gujarat, the main city of the same district*Patan, Rajasthan, an historical city in Rajputana...
to fight corruption, as well as introducing a cannon shot at midday to let the people know the time. He organized a ladies court like his late uncle Jang Bahadur
Jang Bahadur
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana was a ruler of Nepal and founder of the Rana dynasty of Nepal...
. He was the first person to introduce the newspaper to Nepal, Gorkhapatra
Gorkhapatra
Gorkhapatra is the oldest national daily newspaper of Nepal. It is run by Gorkhapatra Sansthan.-External links:*...
, which is still the national daily. He made his 'Sindure Yatra' royal proclamation 8 times in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Nagarkot, Kakani etc. Sources claim that his lifestyle was lavish. In his short 4-month regime, he introduced gambling for 2 months, along with bhajan
Bhajan
A Bhajan is any type of Indian devotional song. It has no fixed form: it may be as simple as a mantra or kirtan or as sophisticated as the dhrupad or kriti with music based on classical ragas and talas. It is normally lyrical, expressing love for the Divine...
from 3-5 p.m. and silent movies
Silent film
A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. In silent films for entertainment the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, pantomime and title cards...
from 8-10 p.m.
Now unlike his predecessors Dev Shamsher being a reformist was evidently well-read in the history of Japan
History of Japan
The history of Japan encompasses the history of the islands of Japan and the Japanese people, spanning the ancient history of the region to the modern history of Japan as a nation state. Following the last ice age, around 12,000 BC, the rich ecosystem of the Japanese Archipelago fostered human...
and saw a parallelism with the Shogunate of Japan and likewise he emulated the reforms of the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration
The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868...
of Japan. It was Dev Shamsher who planned to send Nepali youths to Japan for higher studies.
Wisteria, Chrysanthemum, Persimmon and the big size Chestnut (Nillahar, Godaboriphool, Haluwabed and thulo Kattus), which are now familiar plants in Nepal, especially the Kathmandu valley
Kathmandu Valley
The Kathmandu Valley , located in Nepal, lies at the crossroads of ancient civilizations of Asia, and has at least 130 important monuments, including several places of pilgrimage for the Hindus and the Buddhists. There are seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites within this valley.-Etymology:The city of...
, were imported as seeds from Japan by one of the students who studied agriculture there.
He learned a lot through books and people about the modernization programs of Japan since 1868, the famous Meiji Ishin, the government policy, Meiji Constitution and realized Japan was becoming a powerful nation in economy and national security. Dev Shumsher was every inch a democrat, convinced by the idea of constitutional monarchy and Parliamentary system. He saw Japan as his model. He chose an advanced Asian nation for learning probably because of some similarities between Nepal and Japan rejoining their cultural and then political situation. Unfortunately Dev Shumsher could not implement his plan during his very short period of 144 days rule. However, the next Prime Minister Chandra Shumsher
Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Field-Marshal Maharaja Sri Teen Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, , was the fifth Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty. He served in this capacity from 27 June 1901, following the deposition of his brother Deva Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, to his death in 1929...
sent the students to Japan in April 1902.
Family life
His personal lifestyle was considered to be extravagant, even by Rana standards and he led the most flamboyant and lavish lifestyle out of all the Rana Maharajahs.Dev Shamsher had 12 sons and 3 daughters. His principal wife was Badamaharani Karma Kumari, Maharani Krishna Kumari (daughter of the King Surendra
Surendra of Nepal
Surendra Bikram Shah was King of Nepal between 1847 and 1881. He became king after Prime Minister Jung Bahadur forced the abdication of Surendra's father, Rajendra Bikram Shah. Surendra wielded little real power, with Jung Bahadur effectively ruling the country during Surendra's reign.Surendra's...
, in fact, Dev Shamsher was the only amongst the 17 Shamsher brothers to marry a princess from the royal family of Nepal) and Rani Ganesh Kumari.
Sons of Dev Shamsher,
- General Maharajkumar Jang Shamsher
- Maharajkumar Bhuwan Shamsher
- Maharajkumar Narendra Shamsher
- Maharajkumar Bahadur Shamsher
- Maharajkumar Jagat Shamsher
- Maharajkumar Mussorie Shamsher
- Lieutenant-General Kunwar Laba Shamsher (his real name was Babar Shamsher but later was forced to change his name to Laba Shamsher because the name was similar to a son of Chandra Shamsher also called Babar Shamsher)
- Lieutenant-Colonel Kunwar Totra Shamsher
- Lieutenant-Colonel Kunwar Prakash Shamsher
- Lieutenant-Colonel Kunwar Hem Shamsher
- Kunwar Lokendra Shamsher
- Kunwar Krishna Shamsher
Daughters of Dev Shamsher,
- Maharajkumari Mandalasa Rajya Lakshmi Devi (H.H. Maharani Shri Mandalasa Deviji Sahiba, Maharani of Sirmur)
- Maharajkumari Bhuvaneshwari Rajya Lakshmi Devi (Rani Bhuvaneshwari Rajya Lakshmi Devi Sahiba, of Khairigarh Raj)
- Maharajkumari Indra Rajya Lakshmi (Rani Narpat Singh, Maharaja of Idar)
- Gupta Devi - Rani of Lieutenant-Colonel H.H. Shri Maharaja Sir Amar Prakash Bahadur, Maharaja of Sirmur
Deposition and exile
He was deposed by his brothers and sent into exile in IndiaIndia
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. He was succeeded by his brother Chandra Shamsher
Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Field-Marshal Maharaja Sri Teen Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, , was the fifth Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty. He served in this capacity from 27 June 1901, following the deposition of his brother Deva Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, to his death in 1929...
. He was first exiled to Dhankuta
Dhankuta
Dhankuta is a hill town of Nepal located along the geographical coordinates- 26° 59' 0" N / 87° 20' 0" E, with about 20,000 inhabitants, located in the Dhankuta District in the eastern part of Nepal. Until about 1963 Dhankuta Bazaar was the administrative headquarters for the whole of...
as governor of East Nepal hence he was also known as the 'Dhankute Maharaj' but he later fled to Ilam
Ilam, Iran
Ilam is a city in and the capital of Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 155,289, in 34,549 families.The Kabir Kuh mountain range lies east of the city. From the west it borders Iraq. The city is populated by Kurds and speak Kurdish.-Climate:Ilam is situated in the cold...
and Darjeeling.
Dev Shamsher sent a message to the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
informing them of his exile and the good work he was doing in Nepal, but nothing came out of it. Chandra Shamsher
Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Field-Marshal Maharaja Sri Teen Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, , was the fifth Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty. He served in this capacity from 27 June 1901, following the deposition of his brother Deva Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, to his death in 1929...
made special request to the British to look after Dev Shamsher and ensure a comfortable retirement so as to ensure that he would not interfere with Nepal matters ever again. The British offered him a large plot of land in New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
, which is now the Connaught Place
Connaught Place, New Delhi
Connaught Place Connaught Place Connaught Place (Hindi: कनॉट प्लेस, (officially Rajiv Chowk) is one of the largest financial, commercial and business centers in Delhi. It is often abbreviated as CP and houses the headquarters of several Indian firms. Its surroundings occupy a place of pride...
/Connaught Circle but he refused choosing to settle in Jharipani in Mussorie instead citing that he favored the cooler hills to the heat of Delhi. He built a sprawling collection of grand buildings near Jharipani with huge gateways marking the entrances to what they had named the Fairlawn Palace where he lived till the day he died. Fairlawn palace in Jharipani Mussorie was later sold by his descendants and was in ruins for a long time. The ruins of the Palace are still present and part of the estate has been developed for a school and residential purpose.
All of Dev Shamsher's children were in exile with him in Mussorie although they were allowed to travel back and forth to Nepal. It was only during the time of Prime Minister Juddha Shamsher that they were allowed to return back to Nepal. Juddha Shamsher being very young was raised by Dev Shamsher's wife Karmakumari. Dev Shamsher had agreed to the wishes of his dying father Dhir Shamsher to have Juddha in the line of succession. The issue of Juddha Shamsher's mother Johar Kumari's caste remains a mystery till date and it is widely believed that she came from a no-caste Sanyasi (Giri-Puri-Bharati) background.
Despite this both Dev and his wife were very supportive to Juddha Shamsher throughout and were crucial in ensuring him in the line of succession. They were like his foster parents. So when Juddha Shamsher eventually became Prime Minister of Nepal he called back all of Dev's descendants in exile back to Nepal. They were given back their palaces in Thapathali and large plots of land in Banke and Bardiya districts of Nepal where some of his descendants still reside. They were once again enlisted in top military position and all of Dev's children and grandchildren were given allowances from the state. As a tribute to his foster mother, the wife of Dev Shamsher, Juddha Shamsher later built a huge statue of her which can be seen inside the premises of the present day Zoo in Jawalakhel. It is the biggest statue of any female in the country. Much of Dev Shamsher's descendants can now be found either in Thapathali in Kathmandu, the traditional home of the Ranas, or in Nepalgunj
Nepalgunj
Nepalgunj , also spelled Nepalganj, is a municipality in Banke District, Nepal on the Terai plains near the southern border with Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is 16 km south of Kohalpur and the east-west Mahendra Highway....
in western Nepal and in Dehradun
Dehradun
- Geography :The Dehradun district has various types of physical geography from Himalayan mountains to Plains. Raiwala is the lowest point at 315 meters above sea level, and the highest points are within the Tiuni hills, rising to 3700 m above sea level...
in India.