Descriptive marker
Encyclopedia
A descriptive marker is a grammatic
feature of certain languages. It is defined linguistically
as a free morpheme
that indicates the grammatical function marking description.
The marker assumes descriptive characteristics from the modifier, such as:
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics,...
feature of certain languages. It is defined linguistically
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
as a free morpheme
Morpheme
In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest semantically meaningful unit in a language. The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word,...
that indicates the grammatical function marking description.
Function
The descriptive marker generally signals the beginning of a descriptive (or modifying) phrase.The marker assumes descriptive characteristics from the modifier, such as:
- AdjectivalAdjectiveIn grammar, an adjective is a 'describing' word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified....
or AdverbAdverbAn adverb is a part of speech that modifies verbs or any part of speech other than a noun . Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives , clauses, sentences, and other adverbs....
ial Differentiation - Intensity
- Agreement (caseGrammatical caseIn grammar, the case of a noun or pronoun is an inflectional form that indicates its grammatical function in a phrase, clause, or sentence. For example, a pronoun may play the role of subject , of direct object , or of possessor...
, genderGrammatical genderGrammatical gender is defined linguistically as a system of classes of nouns which trigger specific types of inflections in associated words, such as adjectives, verbs and others. For a system of noun classes to be a gender system, every noun must belong to one of the classes and there should be...
, numberGrammatical numberIn linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions ....
)
Usage
- The Descriptive Marker is an important feature of the Indo-European languageIndo-European languagesThe Indo-European languages are a family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major current languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and South Asia and also historically predominant in Anatolia...
Toytonic. It is also found in other synthetic languageSynthetic languageIn linguistic typology, a synthetic language is a language with a high morpheme-per-word ratio, as opposed to a low morpheme-per-word ratio in what is described as an isolating language...
s. - In Toytonic, the descriptive marker is a key component of the descriptive phrase and determines what the phrase will modify and to what intensity.
Descriptive markers in Toytonic
Marker | Intensity | |
---|---|---|
ʟaг | 'least' | |
ʟuг | 'less' | |
ʟiг | |
|
ʟeг | 'more' | |
ʟoг | 'most' |