David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre
Encyclopedia
David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre (18 December 1808-1 July 1851), also known as D. O. Dyce Sombre and David Dyce Sombre, was an Anglo-Indian
held to be the first person of Asian descent to be elected to the British Parliament
. He was elected to represent the Sudbury constituency
in July 1841, but was removed in April 1842 due to bribery in the election process.
, whose second wife was the famous Begum Samru who made her grandson-in-law George Sombre, and then his son Dyce Sombre her heirs.
Walter Reinhard(t) Sombre (d. 4 May 1778, bur Agra) had a son, named Zafar Yab Khan (1764–1803; d 1799 of cholera) alias Zafaryab Khan, by his first wife, Badi Bibi, whose identity is not known. His name was changed to "Walter Balthazzar Reinhardt" or perhaps to "Aloysius Balthazzar Reinhardt" at the time of baptism; according to a biography of his grandson, he was called Aloysius Reinhardt. He died in 1803 due to cholera. The son had married Julia Anne alias Juliana/Mme Reybaud/Bhai Begam (1770–1815), the daughter of Capt. Le Fevre , and had one son Aloysius Reinhardt (d young; bur in the Akbar Church of Agra_) and one daughter named Julia Anne (1787 or [19 November 1789]-1820). Julia Anne Reinhardt, or Juliana Reinhardt married in 1803 one George Alexander Dyce (d. April 1838, bur Fort William, Calcutta), illegitimate half caste son of a Major General Dyce, and had many children, of whom four children are mentioned in subsequent papers and histories.
Having become "family", George Alexander Dyce was rapidly made commander of the Begam's army. He considered that he was entitled to the Begam's wealth through marriage to Reinhard(t)'s heir, and when Julia Anne died in 1820, began to help himself. George Alexander Dyce was an uncaring and unloving father. Therefore, he was removed but he continued to make a real nuisance of himself until his death. Among his other inequities, he instituted a civil suit against his own son and caused his arrest (and subsequent release upon heavy bail).
When Julia Anne died in 1820, Begam Sumroo looked after the children as her own. Young David was taken over and brought up by her as her son and heir.
Although educated by Protestant missionaries, David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre was brought up a Catholic. He added Sombre to his name on being formally nominated by the Begam as her sole heir and successor. She transferred to him her wealth, and the administration of her principality but her attempts to have him accepted by the British as ruler on her death were to no avail.
When the Begam died in 1836, the British took possession of Sardhana, all the arms which she had brought from them to equip her army, as well as the lands of Badshapur, which were her private property. They also failed to honour undertakings to continue the many pensions paid from the revenue. David's attempts to have these wrongs rectified were unsuccessful, although compensation for the arms was eventually granted long after his death. He was also embroiled in attempts by his father to grab his fortune. His personal life was also marked by extravagant spending - gambling, womanizing, and even the occasional pimping - to please European friends and better-off Anglo-Indian friends such as Sir Charles Metcalfe Ochterlony
.
After a visit to China, David set out for England and the Grand Tour of Europe. He married in 26 September 1840 the Honourable Mary Anne Jervis, third daughter of the second Viscount Saint Vincent
, his only daughter by his second wife, described as "accomplished singer, dancer, and composer" and also as an associate of the Duke of Wellington
; the marriage took place despite quarrels over his fiancee's social life and the religious affiliation of their future (and never born) children. He also got himself elected as MP for Sudbury in July 1841, and was then deposed in April 1842 after objections from the loser. He accused his wife of adultery with various men including her own father, and his life turned for the worse, when his wife had him certified insane and held under restraint, with the support and consent of his sisters Mrs Anna May Troup (1812–1867) and Baroness Georgiana Solaroli (1815–1867) and their husbands.
In September that year, David escaped his guards and fled to France, where an attempt to have him extradited failed. Doctors all over Europe examined him and found he was perfectly sane, but his attempts to reverse the judgement were brushed aside. He managed to obtain part of his estate with an allowance of 4,000 pounds deducted for his wife. Meanwhile he travelled from one end of Europe to the other. Finally, with a change of Government, there seemed a chance of success. He returned to England with indemnity from arrest, but a few days before the case was due to be heard he died suddenly in excruciating agony from a septic foot on 1 July 1851.
He was buried at once in an unmarked grave, which has not been touched since - yet his body was also returned to India to be buried in Sardhana! His Will providing for the establishment of a school in Sardhana was contested by his estranged wife, whom he had disinherited, on the grounds that he was still insane. She won the case sometime around 1856, and became the richest woman in England.
Later on, she was also known as Lady Forester, through her marriage to George Weld-Forester, 3rd Baron Forester
on 8 November 1862. The former Mrs Dyce Sombre died childless in 1893, and her fortune presumably passed to the Weld-Forester family.
Walter Sombre's bloodline is still surviving through his younger sister Georgiana (b. 1807, or 1815–1867) who married Baron Paolo Solaroli (1796–1878), an Italian who was also head of Begam Sumroo's Bodyguards. One of Solaroli's descendants Capitano Giorgio Solaroli di Briona, an Italian, was one of the most famous fighter pilots, in the second world war.[9]
For more details. see the Oxford DNB entry.
Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry, or people of British descent born or living in India, now mainly historical in the latter sense. British residents in India used the term "Eurasians" for people of mixed European and Indian descent...
held to be the first person of Asian descent to be elected to the British Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories, located in London...
. He was elected to represent the Sudbury constituency
Sudbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Sudbury was a parliamentary constituency which was represented in the British House of Commons. A parliamentary borough consisting of the town of Sudbury in Suffolk, it returned two Members of Parliament from 1559 until it was disenfranchised for corruption in 1844...
in July 1841, but was removed in April 1842 due to bribery in the election process.
Background
Sombre was great-grandson of a mercenary soldier Walter Reinhardt alias SombreWalter Reinhardt Sombre
Walter Reinhardt Sombre was an adventurer and mercenary in India from the 1760s.Sombre is thought to have been born in Strasbourg or Treves. His nationality is uncertain, being given in various sources as Austrian, French, German, Luxemburger, or Swiss...
, whose second wife was the famous Begum Samru who made her grandson-in-law George Sombre, and then his son Dyce Sombre her heirs.
Walter Reinhard(t) Sombre (d. 4 May 1778, bur Agra) had a son, named Zafar Yab Khan (1764–1803; d 1799 of cholera) alias Zafaryab Khan, by his first wife, Badi Bibi, whose identity is not known. His name was changed to "Walter Balthazzar Reinhardt" or perhaps to "Aloysius Balthazzar Reinhardt" at the time of baptism; according to a biography of his grandson, he was called Aloysius Reinhardt. He died in 1803 due to cholera. The son had married Julia Anne alias Juliana/Mme Reybaud/Bhai Begam (1770–1815), the daughter of Capt. Le Fevre , and had one son Aloysius Reinhardt (d young; bur in the Akbar Church of Agra_) and one daughter named Julia Anne (1787 or [19 November 1789]-1820). Julia Anne Reinhardt, or Juliana Reinhardt married in 1803 one George Alexander Dyce (d. April 1838, bur Fort William, Calcutta), illegitimate half caste son of a Major General Dyce, and had many children, of whom four children are mentioned in subsequent papers and histories.
- Georgiana (b 02.09.1807; alternatively 1815-1867) who married an Italian mercenary soldier Paolo Solaroli (1796–1878), born into a humble family from Novara, Piedmont. He then joined the Sardinian army, was ennobled in the 1840s by Carlo Alberto of Sardinia, became Baron by 1864, and was elevated to the title of Marchese di Briona in 1867 by Vittorio Emmanuele II, and later became a diplomat. He left an enormous estate at his death, and had descendants. His castle was acquired in 1864. In the 1840s, he was styled Baron Paolo Solaroli, but was referred to by his sister-in-law and her lawyers as Peter Solaroli.
- David Ochterlony (b 18.12.1808), the subject of this entry,
- George Archibald (b 01.08.1810,died within a year), and
- Anna Maria (b 24.12.1813) who married John Rose Troup, a former East India Company general.
Having become "family", George Alexander Dyce was rapidly made commander of the Begam's army. He considered that he was entitled to the Begam's wealth through marriage to Reinhard(t)'s heir, and when Julia Anne died in 1820, began to help himself. George Alexander Dyce was an uncaring and unloving father. Therefore, he was removed but he continued to make a real nuisance of himself until his death. Among his other inequities, he instituted a civil suit against his own son and caused his arrest (and subsequent release upon heavy bail).
When Julia Anne died in 1820, Begam Sumroo looked after the children as her own. Young David was taken over and brought up by her as her son and heir.
Although educated by Protestant missionaries, David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre was brought up a Catholic. He added Sombre to his name on being formally nominated by the Begam as her sole heir and successor. She transferred to him her wealth, and the administration of her principality but her attempts to have him accepted by the British as ruler on her death were to no avail.
When the Begam died in 1836, the British took possession of Sardhana, all the arms which she had brought from them to equip her army, as well as the lands of Badshapur, which were her private property. They also failed to honour undertakings to continue the many pensions paid from the revenue. David's attempts to have these wrongs rectified were unsuccessful, although compensation for the arms was eventually granted long after his death. He was also embroiled in attempts by his father to grab his fortune. His personal life was also marked by extravagant spending - gambling, womanizing, and even the occasional pimping - to please European friends and better-off Anglo-Indian friends such as Sir Charles Metcalfe Ochterlony
Ochterlony Baronets
The Ochterlony Baronetcy, of Pitforthy in the County of Angus, and the Ochterlony Baronetcy, of Ochterlony in the County of Forfar, were two titles in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom, both created for Major-General Sir David Ochterlony. The Ochterlony Baronetcy of Pitforthy was created on 7...
.
After a visit to China, David set out for England and the Grand Tour of Europe. He married in 26 September 1840 the Honourable Mary Anne Jervis, third daughter of the second Viscount Saint Vincent
Edward Jervis Jervis, 2nd Viscount St Vincent
Edward Jervis Jervis, 2nd Viscount St Vincent was a Viscount in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.He was born Edward Jervis Ricketts, the second son of William Henry Ricketts and Mary Jervis, daughter of Swynfen Jervis, Rector of Meaford, Staffordshire and sister of John Jervis, 1st Earl of St...
, his only daughter by his second wife, described as "accomplished singer, dancer, and composer" and also as an associate of the Duke of Wellington
Duke of Wellington
The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title in the senior rank of the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first holder of the title was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington , the noted Irish-born career British Army officer and statesman, and...
; the marriage took place despite quarrels over his fiancee's social life and the religious affiliation of their future (and never born) children. He also got himself elected as MP for Sudbury in July 1841, and was then deposed in April 1842 after objections from the loser. He accused his wife of adultery with various men including her own father, and his life turned for the worse, when his wife had him certified insane and held under restraint, with the support and consent of his sisters Mrs Anna May Troup (1812–1867) and Baroness Georgiana Solaroli (1815–1867) and their husbands.
In September that year, David escaped his guards and fled to France, where an attempt to have him extradited failed. Doctors all over Europe examined him and found he was perfectly sane, but his attempts to reverse the judgement were brushed aside. He managed to obtain part of his estate with an allowance of 4,000 pounds deducted for his wife. Meanwhile he travelled from one end of Europe to the other. Finally, with a change of Government, there seemed a chance of success. He returned to England with indemnity from arrest, but a few days before the case was due to be heard he died suddenly in excruciating agony from a septic foot on 1 July 1851.
He was buried at once in an unmarked grave, which has not been touched since - yet his body was also returned to India to be buried in Sardhana! His Will providing for the establishment of a school in Sardhana was contested by his estranged wife, whom he had disinherited, on the grounds that he was still insane. She won the case sometime around 1856, and became the richest woman in England.
Later on, she was also known as Lady Forester, through her marriage to George Weld-Forester, 3rd Baron Forester
George Weld-Forester, 3rd Baron Forester
George Cecil Weld-Forester, 3rd Baron Forester PC , styled The Honourable George Weld-Forester between 1821 and 1874, was a British Conservative politician. He notably served as Comptroller of the Household in 1852 and from 1858 to 1859...
on 8 November 1862. The former Mrs Dyce Sombre died childless in 1893, and her fortune presumably passed to the Weld-Forester family.
Walter Sombre's bloodline is still surviving through his younger sister Georgiana (b. 1807, or 1815–1867) who married Baron Paolo Solaroli (1796–1878), an Italian who was also head of Begam Sumroo's Bodyguards. One of Solaroli's descendants Capitano Giorgio Solaroli di Briona, an Italian, was one of the most famous fighter pilots, in the second world war.[9]
For more details. see the Oxford DNB entry.