Dalmianagar
Encyclopedia
Dalmianagar is one of the oldest and biggest industrial towns in India
. It is situated at Dehri-on-Sone
on the banks of the Son River
in Rohtas district
of Bihar
. This is a city and a Municipality
in Rohtas district
in the state of Bihar
, India
, Combinedly known as Dehri-Dalmianagar Nagar Palika.
,Dalmianagar is the small part of DEHRI ON SONE .A doyens of business in 20th century India and founder of the Dalmia
group. He was assisted by his younger brother Jaidayal Dalmia and son in law Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain
in establishing many factories of Rohtas Industries Ltd. in Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE).
Shanti Prasad Jain took over Rohtas Industries Ltd. from his father-in-law, and under his stewardship, Dalmianagar developed into a massive industrial town from 1940s till 1980s with factories producing sugar, cement, paper, chemicals, vanaspati etc. employing top professionals of the country. Dalmianagar boasted of vast and beautiful housing colony, gardens, clubs, schools, market complexes, hospital etc. for its employees. Rohtas Industries had their own private aircraft in those days and a small air-field near Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE).
The prosperity of Dalmianagar started to decline in mid 1970s as the law and order situation in this industrial town began to worsen. Local mafia indulged in dacoity and kidnapping. Slowly, executives and professionals began to leave and the factories were mismanaged. By mid 1980s factories started to shut down. Massive electricity bills remained unpaid by Rohtas Industries Ltd. to the State Electricity Board. There were irregularities in payment of salaries and wages to employees. By 1990s Dalmianagar looked like a ghost place.
The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway started off as Dehri Rohtas Tramway Company in 1907 promoted by The Octavius Steel and Company of Calcutta. The original contract was to build a 40 km feeder line from Rohtas to the East Indian Railway's Delhi - Calcutta trunk route at Dehri on sone. Soon thereafter, the tramway company was incorporated as a light railway in order to acquire the assets of the then defunct Dwara - Therria Light Railway in Assam. The DRLR opened to traffic in 1911 and was booming by 1913-14 when it carried over 50,000 passengers and 90,000 tons of freight, the goods traffic mainly consisting of marble and stone. In 1927, a 2.5 km spur was added to Rohtasgarh Fort
from Rohtas
.
Rohtas Industries brought the line up to Tiura Pipradih by adding another 25 km to the DRLR, most of which passed through their property.
The DRLR operated a very mixed bag of locomotives. It started off with 0-6-2 tank locomotives, three of which arrived from the Dwara - Therria Railway after it closed in 1909. In the pre IRS years, it also used 0-6-0, 0-4-0 (Sentinal) and 0-6-4 variants of tank locomotives. After the wartime increase in traffic the railway brought as many as eight new ZB class 2-6-2 tender locomotives, orders for which were equally split between Hudswell Clarke and Krauss Maffei. At its peak, the DRLR used to operate two daily passengers trains in each direction from Dehri-on-Sone and Tiura Pipradih, a run of 67 km. Apart from this the railway carried marble and stone traffic to the mainline at Dehri on sone.
The railway also purchased several locomotives second hand notable among which were the A/1 class 2-8-4 tank locomotives built by Hudswell Clarke that arrived from the Pulgaon - Arvi system of Central Railway in 1959. Other unique locomotives that operated on DRLR were the several ex. Kalka - Simla Railway K class 2-6-2 tank engines by Kerr Stuart and 2-6-4 tank engines by Henschel that arrived from the Shahdara - Saharanpur Light Railway.
Due to the decline in traffic and competition to road in the late 1970s, the DRLR succumbed and closed to traffic on July 16, 1984.
Although the DRLR was a hotspot for narrow gauge enthusiasts from Europe in the 1970s, not much has appeared about it in the media since its closure. Brian Manktelow from London, England decided to unravel the fate of DRLR rolling stock in 1994 and visited the area. Below is a brief trip report:
An unannounced chance visit to the Rohtas Industries works Jan 19th, 1994 proved very fruitful. After making personal contact with the management, we were given permission and a guide to visit all three sites.
Dehri Rohtas Railway 0-6-4T #6 Avonside works# 1982 of 1926. Dehri Rohtas Railway, 1980/01/14
Rhotas Industries Ltd. No.6 is a broad gauge 0-6-4 tank locomotive built by Vulcan Foundry in 1908. Prior to arriving at RIL in 1967, it worked for Eastern Railway as ER No.34308.
- All locomotives except No.1 & 3 were in good stored condition, looking very presentable
- No.1 was in poor condition - No.3 was completely dismantled, under prolonged heavy repair.
- All locos were seen in poor or derelict condition
- No.7-9, 11-13 and No.15 were brought new by DRLR.
- No.24 is ex. Kalka Simla Railway, Northern Railway No.529
- RI 1 is ex Dwara - Therria Light Railway
- Most of the above locos still had their work plates intact
- The ZBs had raised brass numerals on the cabside and raised brass DRLR lettering on some of the tenders
On the railway itself, the old exchange sidings with the mainline were packed with rusting narrow gauge wagons and boxcars. The entire track leading from the sidings and out into the country has been lifted but the track bed was quite easy to follow. The area around the loco shed and in the factory boundaries is still intact although fenced off and inaccessible from the local paths and roads. Vast amount of wagons still survive but all like the locos are in deplorable condition.
- This is how the workshop was left at closure of the line in 1984
- RI 2 is ex Dwara - Therria Light Railway
- No.23 is ex. Kalka Simla Railway, Northern Railway No.514
We have not seen any reports of visits to the works or the railway since this time. Although twelve years have passed since the last reported visit, it would hardly come as a surprise to us if it is still much the same. In Brian's words, "If anything, or at all still exists and you are able to get in all right, you will be in seventh heaven! It was a fantastic time warp, be warned that you will need at least half a day to cover the three sites plus the usual tea and biscuits chat time."
A slightly modified version of No.5, the No. 6 engine was a 0-6-4T also built by Avonside in 1926. [Photo by Mick Pope]
Every well equipped railway needs an ambulance coach. This is the Dehri Rhotas Railway's version powered by a converted jeep. How do they turn the jeep at the destination? Easy, they insert a jack under the centre and spin it round - which is fine unless it falls off part way round - which it did on our visit!. Dehri on Sone, 1980
Closure of Industrial Complex, Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE),BIHAR
Of total of 12,629 workers employed in Rohtas Group of Industries Prior to its Closure in July 1984, 10,312 workers were permanent and remaining 2,317 were either contract labour or casual worker. Excepting 444 employees engaged in essential services including security services, all were thrown out of employment, Thus together with the unemployed registered with the local Employment exchange numbering 3,28,839, the total number of workers seeking employment as in June, 1987 added up to 3,41,024. The situation further worsened when thousand of people who were earlier engaged in ancillary industries in some form or the other also lost their job.
In 2009 Rohtas Industries Ltd. has been undertaken by Indian Railway to start manufacturing of Freight Bogie and Coupler for high capacity, higher axle load wagons; but it is not going properly. As per information given by the Minister of State for Railways, Shri K.H. Muniyappa in a written reply in Lok Sabha on 15th April, 2010, the factory is to come up on Public Private Participation (PPP) basis. Technology to be utilized in this plant is yet to be obtained by Indian Railways. Further progress will start with acquisition of new technology. .
Now there is also a news that NTPC is setting up a plant nearby and would provide housing to its employees in some of existing houses in the colony.
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. It is situated at Dehri-on-Sone
Dehri
Dehri On Sone is a city and a municipality in Rohtas district in the state of Bihar, India. It is a Sub Division under Patna Division and Headquarter of The Bihar Military Police as well as The Police headquarters of the Sahabad Range...
on the banks of the Son River
Son River
Son River of central India is the largest of the Ganges' southern tributaries. A British 1850s diary shows that the river was written in English as Soane.-Course:...
in Rohtas district
Rohtas district
Rohtas district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India.The Rohtas district is a part of Patna Division, and it has an area of 3850 km² , a population of 2,448,762 , and a population density of 636 persons per km²...
of Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
. This is a city and a Municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
in Rohtas district
Rohtas district
Rohtas district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India.The Rohtas district is a part of Patna Division, and it has an area of 3850 km² , a population of 2,448,762 , and a population density of 636 persons per km²...
in the state of Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, Combinedly known as Dehri-Dalmianagar Nagar Palika.
History
The Industrial town of Dalmianagar was founded by the famous industrialist Ramkrishna DalmiaRamkrishna Dalmia
Ramkrishna Dalmia was a pioneer industrialist and founder of the Dalmia-Jain Group. Starting with a bullion business, he built several sugar mills, and went on to acquire Bennett and Coleman,...
,Dalmianagar is the small part of DEHRI ON SONE .A doyens of business in 20th century India and founder of the Dalmia
Dalmia
The Dalmia Group of Companies came into existence in India in the early 1930s as the Dalmia-Jain Group. Founded by the late Ramkrishna Dalmia, with the assistance of his younger brother Jaidayal Dalmia and his son-in-law Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain, the group’s activities included banks and insurance...
group. He was assisted by his younger brother Jaidayal Dalmia and son in law Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain
Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain
Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain was among the most prominent Jains of the 20th century. He was a leading industrialist and philanthropist.He was born at Najibabad in Uttar Pradesh in the famous Sahu Jain family in 1911. His grandfather was Sahu Salekh Chand Jain who was involved in religious and charitable...
in establishing many factories of Rohtas Industries Ltd. in Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE).
Shanti Prasad Jain took over Rohtas Industries Ltd. from his father-in-law, and under his stewardship, Dalmianagar developed into a massive industrial town from 1940s till 1980s with factories producing sugar, cement, paper, chemicals, vanaspati etc. employing top professionals of the country. Dalmianagar boasted of vast and beautiful housing colony, gardens, clubs, schools, market complexes, hospital etc. for its employees. Rohtas Industries had their own private aircraft in those days and a small air-field near Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE).
The prosperity of Dalmianagar started to decline in mid 1970s as the law and order situation in this industrial town began to worsen. Local mafia indulged in dacoity and kidnapping. Slowly, executives and professionals began to leave and the factories were mismanaged. By mid 1980s factories started to shut down. Massive electricity bills remained unpaid by Rohtas Industries Ltd. to the State Electricity Board. There were irregularities in payment of salaries and wages to employees. By 1990s Dalmianagar looked like a ghost place.
Rohtas Industries Dalmianagar and Dehri-Rohtas Light Railway
.The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway started off as Dehri Rohtas Tramway Company in 1907 promoted by The Octavius Steel and Company of Calcutta. The original contract was to build a 40 km feeder line from Rohtas to the East Indian Railway's Delhi - Calcutta trunk route at Dehri on sone. Soon thereafter, the tramway company was incorporated as a light railway in order to acquire the assets of the then defunct Dwara - Therria Light Railway in Assam. The DRLR opened to traffic in 1911 and was booming by 1913-14 when it carried over 50,000 passengers and 90,000 tons of freight, the goods traffic mainly consisting of marble and stone. In 1927, a 2.5 km spur was added to Rohtasgarh Fort
Rohtasgarh Fort
The Rohtas Fort is one of the most ancient forts of India located in a small town of Rohtas in Bihar. The culture of the Sone Valley is best symbolized by the Rohtas Fort which is a testimony of strength and power. Sadly, the majestic fort lies in utter state of ruins reminiscent of its great past,...
from Rohtas
Rohtas
Rohtas can refer to:*Rohtas, Pakistan, a village located in Rohtas Fort, Pakistan*Rohtas Fort, Pakistan*Rohtas District, a district in Bihar, India*Rohtas Plateau in north-western Bihar...
.
Rohtas Industries brought the line up to Tiura Pipradih by adding another 25 km to the DRLR, most of which passed through their property.
The DRLR operated a very mixed bag of locomotives. It started off with 0-6-2 tank locomotives, three of which arrived from the Dwara - Therria Railway after it closed in 1909. In the pre IRS years, it also used 0-6-0, 0-4-0 (Sentinal) and 0-6-4 variants of tank locomotives. After the wartime increase in traffic the railway brought as many as eight new ZB class 2-6-2 tender locomotives, orders for which were equally split between Hudswell Clarke and Krauss Maffei. At its peak, the DRLR used to operate two daily passengers trains in each direction from Dehri-on-Sone and Tiura Pipradih, a run of 67 km. Apart from this the railway carried marble and stone traffic to the mainline at Dehri on sone.
The railway also purchased several locomotives second hand notable among which were the A/1 class 2-8-4 tank locomotives built by Hudswell Clarke that arrived from the Pulgaon - Arvi system of Central Railway in 1959. Other unique locomotives that operated on DRLR were the several ex. Kalka - Simla Railway K class 2-6-2 tank engines by Kerr Stuart and 2-6-4 tank engines by Henschel that arrived from the Shahdara - Saharanpur Light Railway.
Due to the decline in traffic and competition to road in the late 1970s, the DRLR succumbed and closed to traffic on July 16, 1984.
Although the DRLR was a hotspot for narrow gauge enthusiasts from Europe in the 1970s, not much has appeared about it in the media since its closure. Brian Manktelow from London, England decided to unravel the fate of DRLR rolling stock in 1994 and visited the area. Below is a brief trip report:
An unannounced chance visit to the Rohtas Industries works Jan 19th, 1994 proved very fruitful. After making personal contact with the management, we were given permission and a guide to visit all three sites.
Rohtas Industries BG (5'6") Shed
All seven locomotives were present in and around the shed. The three Jung tanks and the two old East Indian Railway (EIR) 0-6-4 tank locomotives were seen in very clean condition and ready to run. The fourth Jung tank engine was stripped down for long-term repair. The only really grubby looking loco of the lot was the Kerr Stuart saddle tank engine. Considering that these locomotives had not turned a wheel since the early 1980s, they were indeed in remarkable condition and everyone around spoken to was optimistic that one day the order will come for them to return to service and they will be ready for it!Dehri Rohtas Railway 0-6-4T #6 Avonside works# 1982 of 1926. Dehri Rohtas Railway, 1980/01/14
Rhotas Industries Ltd. No.6 is a broad gauge 0-6-4 tank locomotive built by Vulcan Foundry in 1908. Prior to arriving at RIL in 1967, it worked for Eastern Railway as ER No.34308.
| Locomotive No. | Type | Manufacturer | Makers No. | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0-4-0ST | Kerr Stuart | 4173 | 1921 |
| 2 | 0-6-0T | Jung | 11736 | 1953 |
| 3 | 0-6-0T | Jung | 11737 | 1953 |
| 4 | 0-6-0T | Jung | 12796 | 1957 |
| 5 | 0-6-0T | Jung | 12797 | 1957 |
| 6 | 0-6-4T | Vulcan Foundry | 2294 | 1908 |
| 7 | 0-6-4T | Vulcan Foundry | 3103 | 1915 |
- All locomotives except No.1 & 3 were in good stored condition, looking very presentable
- No.1 was in poor condition - No.3 was completely dismantled, under prolonged heavy repair.
The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway (2'6") running shed
Here it was a completely different story. The railway closed on July 16, 1984 and since then nothing has moved. In the shed there were seven ZB class and three tank engines, one being Kalka Simla Railway. All were seen totally rusted through and shot to pieces with trees and vegetation running riot on, through and around them. They are still locked up and guarded and inaccessible without permission though.| Locomotive No. | Type | Manufacturer | Makers No. | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7-9 | ZB 2-6-2 | Hudswell Clarke | 1806-8 | 1950 |
| 11-12 | ZB 2-6-2 | Krauss Maffei | 17906-7 | 1954 |
| 13 | ZB 2-6-2 | Krauss Maffei | 18300 | 1955 |
| 15 | ZB 2-6-2 | Slavonski Brod. | -- | 1959 |
| 24 | K 2-6-2T | North British | 18598 | 1908 |
| 6 | 0-6-4T | Avonside | 1982 | 1926 |
| RI 1 | 0-6-4T | Avonside | 1457 | 1902 |
- All locos were seen in poor or derelict condition
- No.7-9, 11-13 and No.15 were brought new by DRLR.
- No.24 is ex. Kalka Simla Railway, Northern Railway No.529
- RI 1 is ex Dwara - Therria Light Railway
- Most of the above locos still had their work plates intact
- The ZBs had raised brass numerals on the cabside and raised brass DRLR lettering on some of the tenders
The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway (2'6") running shed
The workshop is situated a little way outside of the town and was once again found locked up and guarded. Upon entry we found a time warp on the whole place. Two ZB locomotives were seen stripped down in mid repair and seven tank engines in various stages of dereliction. Also present was a small Orenstein and Koppel diesel engine that was locked up in a wire cage compound so details are not available. Also in the works were several items of coaching stock all dating back from the early 1900 and built in Leeds, England.On the railway itself, the old exchange sidings with the mainline were packed with rusting narrow gauge wagons and boxcars. The entire track leading from the sidings and out into the country has been lifted but the track bed was quite easy to follow. The area around the loco shed and in the factory boundaries is still intact although fenced off and inaccessible from the local paths and roads. Vast amount of wagons still survive but all like the locos are in deplorable condition.
| Locomotive No. | Type | Manufacturer | Makers No. | Year | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 0-6-2T | Kerr Stuart | 3120 | 1920 | derelict |
| 3 | 0-6-2T | Avonside | 1459 | 1902 | stripped down |
| 5 | 0-6-2T | Avonside | 1856 | 1920 | derelict |
| 10 | ZB 2-6-2 | Hudswell Clarke | 1809 | 1950 | under repair |
| 14 | ZB 2-6-2 | Krauss Maffei | 18301 | 1955 | under repair |
| 23 | K 2-6-2T | North British | 18788 | 1909 | dismantled for scrap |
| 28 | 2-6-4T | Hunslet | -- | -- | derailed at 45 deg. against wall |
| 29 | 2-6-4T | Hunslet | -- | -- | derelict |
| RI 2 | 0-6-2T | Avonside | 1458 | 1902 | very derelict |
| -- | Diesel 0-4-0 | Orenstein and Koppel | -- | -- | locked up in wire cage |
- This is how the workshop was left at closure of the line in 1984
- RI 2 is ex Dwara - Therria Light Railway
- No.23 is ex. Kalka Simla Railway, Northern Railway No.514
We have not seen any reports of visits to the works or the railway since this time. Although twelve years have passed since the last reported visit, it would hardly come as a surprise to us if it is still much the same. In Brian's words, "If anything, or at all still exists and you are able to get in all right, you will be in seventh heaven! It was a fantastic time warp, be warned that you will need at least half a day to cover the three sites plus the usual tea and biscuits chat time."
A slightly modified version of No.5, the No. 6 engine was a 0-6-4T also built by Avonside in 1926. [Photo by Mick Pope]
Every well equipped railway needs an ambulance coach. This is the Dehri Rhotas Railway's version powered by a converted jeep. How do they turn the jeep at the destination? Easy, they insert a jack under the centre and spin it round - which is fine unless it falls off part way round - which it did on our visit!. Dehri on Sone, 1980
Closure of Industrial Complex, Dalmianagar(DEHRI ON SONE),BIHAR
Of total of 12,629 workers employed in Rohtas Group of Industries Prior to its Closure in July 1984, 10,312 workers were permanent and remaining 2,317 were either contract labour or casual worker. Excepting 444 employees engaged in essential services including security services, all were thrown out of employment, Thus together with the unemployed registered with the local Employment exchange numbering 3,28,839, the total number of workers seeking employment as in June, 1987 added up to 3,41,024. The situation further worsened when thousand of people who were earlier engaged in ancillary industries in some form or the other also lost their job.
In 2009 Rohtas Industries Ltd. has been undertaken by Indian Railway to start manufacturing of Freight Bogie and Coupler for high capacity, higher axle load wagons; but it is not going properly. As per information given by the Minister of State for Railways, Shri K.H. Muniyappa in a written reply in Lok Sabha on 15th April, 2010, the factory is to come up on Public Private Participation (PPP) basis. Technology to be utilized in this plant is yet to be obtained by Indian Railways. Further progress will start with acquisition of new technology. .
Now there is also a news that NTPC is setting up a plant nearby and would provide housing to its employees in some of existing houses in the colony.