Cutting extinguisher
Encyclopedia
The use of a cutting extinguisher is a fire extinguishing
technique that combines abrasive waterjet cutting
with water spray extinguishing, through a single handpiece or nozzle. The fire-fighter approaches the fire from outside the main fire area, then uses the cutting action to drill a small hole through a door or wall. Switching to a water spray then allows the fire to be fought, as with a conventional fog nozzle
.
The main advantages of this system are in increased safety for the fire-fighter, as they may remain outside the most hazardous area. In particular, the need for highly-dangerous smoke diving is reduced. The small size of the access hole also reduces any risk of flashover
or backdraft
. Flashover is reduced by avoiding the need to open up a large access hole, backdraft by the flow of water through this small hole keeping any flow cooled and directed inwards, towards the fire.
Secondary advantages are in gaining rapid access to the seat of the fire, directly through most construction materials and without needing to cause structural damage that may further weaken a structure.
(MSB)), the Cobra cutting extinguisher was developed in the mid-1990s with the first commercial cutting extinguisher available in 2000. In 2008, Saab
acquired a 27% stake in the company.
As well as the fire-fighting Cold Cut Cobra, the company has also developed the same core waterjet technology into areas such as a Cold Tap that can tap or vent flammable fluids, such as fuel tankers or pipelines, without risk of ignition or explosion.
Local adoption has been enthusiastic. Of the over 500 Cobra systems delivered so far, about 130 are in Sweden. The Cobra has also been sold to fire services in many other countries including Norway, UK, Australia, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Peoples Republic of China, Japan and Malaysia. .
The equipment for Cobra is small and lightweight, with good water efficiency. This allows its installation into small, lightweight and faster light vans, as well as full-sized fire appliances. These light vehicles may then be able to arrive on scene more quickly. Water is supplied at about 300 bar and a flow rate of up to 50 litres / minute through a lightweight hose that with extensions can be up to 300 meters long. With 350 litres of water carried on-board this allows several minutes active use, even without connection to a fire hydrant. It can cut through 15 cm of concrete in 75 seconds and 10mm steel in 60 seconds.
With the Cobra cutting extinguisher a fire fighter can attack a fire from the safety of being outside the fire room. The water jet combined with an abrasive cutting sand makes it possible to 'shot' right through a wall or other structure. When the water jet has penetrated the fine water droplets in the water jet hits the hot fire gases in the fire room and are turned to steam. This sucks the energy out of the fire and quickly reduces the temperature in the fire room to the point where the risk of a back-draft is very much reduced or eliminated. It is then safer to make entry into the fire room and apply conventional fire fighting tactics if required. As very little water is used in the process there is also much less water damage to take care of compared with conventional fire fighting methods.
As tactics has developed over the 10 years the technology has been applied it has been found that especially the combination with an IR-camera (heat camera) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermographic_camera is useful. The camera is used for finding hotspots or for reading a building etc. and the cutting extinguisher is used for attacking those spots while the result is monitored with the camera. The cutting extinguisher has also been used successfully in combintion with PPV (positive pressure ventilation) fans.
The Swedish contigencies agency recently published a report on 10 years user experience of the Cobra cutting extinguisher in Sweden.
PyroLance is a firefighting system that cools and contains fires and fire gases. Utilizing a combination of high-pressure water and a nonsparking abrasive material, the PyroLance pierces exterior structures, and blankets the thermal layers inside with a fog of atomized water. The PyroLance introduces its fine mist of water through a small opening; therefore, a rapid reduction in temperature occurs without introducing large amounts of oxygen, reducing the likelihood of flashover
or backdraft
.
During piercing operations, the abrasive aggregate is carried with the high velocity water, allowing the PyroLance to create a pea-size hole in any material. Once the opening has been made, a second trigger allows the operator to switch to plain water and/or water with foam. Starting the flow of water turns the PyroLance into a fire confinement tool injecting its high-pressure fog stream directly into the thermal layer while the operator remains in a protected position outside.
Fire extinguisher
A fire extinguisher or extinguisher, flame entinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations...
technique that combines abrasive waterjet cutting
Water jet cutter
A water jet cutter, also known as a waterjet, is a tool capable of slicing into metal or other materials using a jet of water at high velocity and pressure, or a mixture of water and an abrasive substance. The process is essentially the same as water erosion found in nature but greatly accelerated...
with water spray extinguishing, through a single handpiece or nozzle. The fire-fighter approaches the fire from outside the main fire area, then uses the cutting action to drill a small hole through a door or wall. Switching to a water spray then allows the fire to be fought, as with a conventional fog nozzle
Fog nozzle
A fog nozzle is a firefighting hose spray nozzle that breaks the water that flows through it into tiny droplets of water. The theory is that small droplets of water create more surface area than a solid stream created by a smooth bore nozzle. The water absorbs the heat, turns into steam, and...
.
The main advantages of this system are in increased safety for the fire-fighter, as they may remain outside the most hazardous area. In particular, the need for highly-dangerous smoke diving is reduced. The small size of the access hole also reduces any risk of flashover
Flashover
A flashover is the near simultaneous ignition of most of the directly exposed combustible material in an enclosed area. When certain organic materials are heated they undergo thermal decomposition and release flammable gases...
or backdraft
Backdraft
A backdraft is an explosive event at a fire resulting from rapid re-introduction of oxygen to combustion in an oxygen-starved environment, for example, the breaking of a window or opening of a door to an enclosed space. Backdrafts present a serious threat to firefighters, even those with a high...
. Flashover is reduced by avoiding the need to open up a large access hole, backdraft by the flow of water through this small hole keeping any flow cooled and directed inwards, towards the fire.
Secondary advantages are in gaining rapid access to the seat of the fire, directly through most construction materials and without needing to cause structural damage that may further weaken a structure.
Cold Cut Systems Svenska AB - The Cobra cutting extinguisher
The cutting extinguisher technique originates in Sweden, with Cold Cut Systems AB. Cold Cut Systems Svenska AB was founded in 1988. The origins of the company was in water jet cutting but in coperation with Räddningsverket (today the Swedish Civil Contingencies AgencySwedish Civil Contingencies Agency
The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency is a Swedish government agency that combines now-defunct Swedish Rescue Services Agency, Swedish Emergency Management Agency, and National Board of Psychological Defence...
(MSB)), the Cobra cutting extinguisher was developed in the mid-1990s with the first commercial cutting extinguisher available in 2000. In 2008, Saab
Saab
Saab AB is a Swedish aerospace and defence company, founded in 1937. From 1947 to 1990 it was the parent company of automobile manufacturer Saab Automobile, and between 1968 and 1995 the company was in a merger with commercial vehicle manufacturer Scania, known as Saab-Scania.-History:"Svenska...
acquired a 27% stake in the company.
As well as the fire-fighting Cold Cut Cobra, the company has also developed the same core waterjet technology into areas such as a Cold Tap that can tap or vent flammable fluids, such as fuel tankers or pipelines, without risk of ignition or explosion.
Local adoption has been enthusiastic. Of the over 500 Cobra systems delivered so far, about 130 are in Sweden. The Cobra has also been sold to fire services in many other countries including Norway, UK, Australia, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Peoples Republic of China, Japan and Malaysia. .
The equipment for Cobra is small and lightweight, with good water efficiency. This allows its installation into small, lightweight and faster light vans, as well as full-sized fire appliances. These light vehicles may then be able to arrive on scene more quickly. Water is supplied at about 300 bar and a flow rate of up to 50 litres / minute through a lightweight hose that with extensions can be up to 300 meters long. With 350 litres of water carried on-board this allows several minutes active use, even without connection to a fire hydrant. It can cut through 15 cm of concrete in 75 seconds and 10mm steel in 60 seconds.
With the Cobra cutting extinguisher a fire fighter can attack a fire from the safety of being outside the fire room. The water jet combined with an abrasive cutting sand makes it possible to 'shot' right through a wall or other structure. When the water jet has penetrated the fine water droplets in the water jet hits the hot fire gases in the fire room and are turned to steam. This sucks the energy out of the fire and quickly reduces the temperature in the fire room to the point where the risk of a back-draft is very much reduced or eliminated. It is then safer to make entry into the fire room and apply conventional fire fighting tactics if required. As very little water is used in the process there is also much less water damage to take care of compared with conventional fire fighting methods.
As tactics has developed over the 10 years the technology has been applied it has been found that especially the combination with an IR-camera (heat camera) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermographic_camera is useful. The camera is used for finding hotspots or for reading a building etc. and the cutting extinguisher is used for attacking those spots while the result is monitored with the camera. The cutting extinguisher has also been used successfully in combintion with PPV (positive pressure ventilation) fans.
The Swedish contigencies agency recently published a report on 10 years user experience of the Cobra cutting extinguisher in Sweden.
PyroLance USA
Pyrolance LLC has a licence signed 2006 with CCS AB to manufacture and market a 'Americanized' product similar to the CCS- Cobra 'Cutting Extinguisher'.PyroLance is a firefighting system that cools and contains fires and fire gases. Utilizing a combination of high-pressure water and a nonsparking abrasive material, the PyroLance pierces exterior structures, and blankets the thermal layers inside with a fog of atomized water. The PyroLance introduces its fine mist of water through a small opening; therefore, a rapid reduction in temperature occurs without introducing large amounts of oxygen, reducing the likelihood of flashover
Flashover
A flashover is the near simultaneous ignition of most of the directly exposed combustible material in an enclosed area. When certain organic materials are heated they undergo thermal decomposition and release flammable gases...
or backdraft
Backdraft
A backdraft is an explosive event at a fire resulting from rapid re-introduction of oxygen to combustion in an oxygen-starved environment, for example, the breaking of a window or opening of a door to an enclosed space. Backdrafts present a serious threat to firefighters, even those with a high...
.
During piercing operations, the abrasive aggregate is carried with the high velocity water, allowing the PyroLance to create a pea-size hole in any material. Once the opening has been made, a second trigger allows the operator to switch to plain water and/or water with foam. Starting the flow of water turns the PyroLance into a fire confinement tool injecting its high-pressure fog stream directly into the thermal layer while the operator remains in a protected position outside.