Cutaneous myxoma
Encyclopedia
A cutaneous myxoma, AKA superficial angiomyxoma
Angiomyxoma
Angiomyxoma is a myxomatous tumor involving the blood vessels.It can affect the vulva and other parts of the pelvis.Aggressive angiomyxoma was originally described in 1983, but the term "angiomyxoma" dates back to at least 1952....

, consists of a multilobulated myxoid mass containing stellate and/or spindled fibroblasts with pools of mucin
Mucin
Mucins are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins produced by epithelial tissues in most metazoans. Mucins' key characteristic is their ability to form gels; therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell...

 forming cleft-like spaces. There is often a proliferation of blood vessels and an inflammatory infiltrate. Staining is positive for vimentin
Vimentin
Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament protein that is expressed in mesenchymal cells. IF proteins are found in all metazoan cells as well as bacteria. IF, along with tubulin-based microtubules and actin-based microfilaments, comprise the cytoskeleton...

, negative for cytokeratin
Cytokeratin
Cytokeratins are proteins of keratin-containing intermediate filaments found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue. The term "cytokeratin" began to be used in the late 1970s when the protein subunits of keratin intermediate filaments inside cells were first being identified and...

 and desmin
Desmin
Desmin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DES gene.Desmin is a type III intermediate filament found near the Z line in sarcomeres. It was first described in 1976, first purified in 1977, the gene was cloned in 1989, and the first knock-out mouse was created in 1996. Desmin is only...

, and variable for CD34
CD34
CD34 molecule is a cluster of differentiation molecule present on certain cells within the human body. It is a cell surface glycoprotein and functions as a cell-cell adhesion factor. It may also mediate the attachment of stem cells to bone marrow extracellular matrix or directly to stromal cells...

, Factor VIIIa, SMA
SMA
-Education:* Saint Mary's Academy, Rawalpindi, a private English-medium school in Pakistan* Saint Mary's Academy, Dominica, a private high school in the island of Dominica, in the Caribbean...

, MSA
MSA
-Organisations and businesses:*Malaysia-Singapore Airlines, the former name for Singapore Airlines and Malaysia Airlines*Maritime Safety Administration, one of two PRC Coast Guards. The other being the China Coast Guard...

and S-100
S-100 protein
S-100 protein is a family of low molecular weight protein found in vertebrates characterized by two calcium binding sites of the helix-loop-helix conformation. There are at least 21 different types of S100 proteins...

.

Clinically, it may present as solitary or multiple flesh-colored nodules on the face, trunk, or extremities. It may occur as part of the Carney complex
Carney complex
Carney complex, also known as LAMB syndrome and NAME syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition comprising myxomas of the heart and skin, hyperpigmentation of the skin , and endocrine overactivity It is distinct from Carney's triad...

, and is sometimes the first sign. Local recurrence is common.
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