Critical medical anthropology is a branch of medical anthropology

Medical anthropology

Medical anthropology is an interdisciplinary field which studies "human health and disease, health care systems, and biocultural adaptation". It views humans from multidimensional and ecological perspectives...

 that applies critical theory

Critical theory

Critical theory is an examination and critique of society and culture, drawing from knowledge across the social sciences and humanities. The term has two different meanings with different origins and histories: one originating in sociology and the other in literary criticism...

 in the consideration of the political economy

Political economy

Political economy originally was the term for studying production, buying, and selling, and their relations with law, custom, and government, as well as with the distribution of national income and wealth, including through the budget process. Political economy originated in moral philosophy...

 of health, and the effect of social inequality on people's health. It puts emphasis on culture histories, rather than purely biomedical and social explanations of analyzing health.
It starts with the idea that every essential component of a human being reside in a biological structure. Thinking about health and medical treatment, there is a tendency to naturalize the process of health and illness.