Crewe Works Railway
Encyclopedia
The Crewe Works Railway was a narrow gauge internal tramway system serving Crewe Works
, the main locomotive
construction works of the London and North Western Railway
(LNWR) and later the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). The system was first introduced by John Ramsbottom
the LNWR Locomotive Superintendent from 1857 and it was a pioneering use of locomotive propelled vehicles within a manufacturing plant. The Crewe system was soon adopted elsewhere. There were four sections to this system built at different times and each in turn significantly altered several times before final abandonment. The four sections were:
Of the above, the first section dating from 1862 was within the original locomotive works first built in 1843 and expanded many times as the railway system grew. Prior to the introduction of the tramway most internal transport was by hand-cart and barrow. The original lines totalled 550 yards (502.9 m) and to this was soon added a further 300 yards (274.3 m). The "Old Works" section ceased operation c1929.
The second, the steel works section, and largest of all, was always self-contained and from its authorisation on October 20, 1864 lasted under locomotive haulage until the closure of steel production in 1932, but also in one short and occasionally used hand propelled section in the iron foundry until c1960.
The third, the deviation works section (latterly devoted entirely to the joinery department), was an extensive system built on at least three levels and was an entirely separate, hand propelled, tramway, which survived in spasmodic use until about 1980. Several relics including examples of trackwork and three wagons survive from this installation.
The fourth and final extension of the works tramway was of the "Old Works" system through to Crewe station made in 1878 with the construction of the famous "Spider Bridge". This was essentially a typical railway footbridge providing pedestrian access from the works to the station and built on stilts and suspension cables for several hundred yards across the entire Crewe North junction. The bridge carried the 18" single-line tramway down its centre. The spider bridge terminated at the station in a "T" junction with a footbridge spanning all passenger platforms at the north end of the station. The bridge from the works survived, as a footbridge, until 1939 but was apparently little used by locomotives after 1920. Goods for transfer between the works and the station had to be manhandled between the tramway and the station platform via the footbridge steps. This was a surprising and serious limitation of its usefulness.
Following the abandonment of the locomotive hauled tramway, most internal works transport at Crewe has been provided by petrol/diesel-engined, rubber tyred, tractors and trailers.
Crewe Works
Crewe railway works is a British railway engineering facility built in 1840 by the Grand Junction Railway. It is located in the town of Crewe, in the county of Cheshire....
, the main locomotive
Locomotive
A locomotive is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. The word originates from the Latin loco – "from a place", ablative of locus, "place" + Medieval Latin motivus, "causing motion", and is a shortened form of the term locomotive engine, first used in the early 19th...
construction works of the London and North Western Railway
London and North Western Railway
The London and North Western Railway was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922. It was created by the merger of three companies – the Grand Junction Railway, the London and Birmingham Railway and the Manchester and Birmingham Railway...
(LNWR) and later the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). The system was first introduced by John Ramsbottom
John Ramsbottom (engineer)
John Ramsbottom was an English mechanical engineer who created many inventions for railways, including the piston ring, the Ramsbottom safety valve, the displacement lubricator, and the water trough.- Biography :...
the LNWR Locomotive Superintendent from 1857 and it was a pioneering use of locomotive propelled vehicles within a manufacturing plant. The Crewe system was soon adopted elsewhere. There were four sections to this system built at different times and each in turn significantly altered several times before final abandonment. The four sections were:
- The Original LNWR (Old) Works (authorised October 17, 1861)
- The LNWR Steel Works (authorised October 20, 1864)
- The LNWR Deviation Works (built in the late 1860's)
- The Spider Bridge extension to Crewe railway stationCrewe railway stationCrewe railway station was completed in 1837 and is one of the most historic railway stations in the world. Built in fields near to Crewe Hall, it originally served the village of Crewe with a population of just 70 residents...
(built in 1878).
Of the above, the first section dating from 1862 was within the original locomotive works first built in 1843 and expanded many times as the railway system grew. Prior to the introduction of the tramway most internal transport was by hand-cart and barrow. The original lines totalled 550 yards (502.9 m) and to this was soon added a further 300 yards (274.3 m). The "Old Works" section ceased operation c1929.
The second, the steel works section, and largest of all, was always self-contained and from its authorisation on October 20, 1864 lasted under locomotive haulage until the closure of steel production in 1932, but also in one short and occasionally used hand propelled section in the iron foundry until c1960.
The third, the deviation works section (latterly devoted entirely to the joinery department), was an extensive system built on at least three levels and was an entirely separate, hand propelled, tramway, which survived in spasmodic use until about 1980. Several relics including examples of trackwork and three wagons survive from this installation.
The fourth and final extension of the works tramway was of the "Old Works" system through to Crewe station made in 1878 with the construction of the famous "Spider Bridge". This was essentially a typical railway footbridge providing pedestrian access from the works to the station and built on stilts and suspension cables for several hundred yards across the entire Crewe North junction. The bridge carried the 18" single-line tramway down its centre. The spider bridge terminated at the station in a "T" junction with a footbridge spanning all passenger platforms at the north end of the station. The bridge from the works survived, as a footbridge, until 1939 but was apparently little used by locomotives after 1920. Goods for transfer between the works and the station had to be manhandled between the tramway and the station platform via the footbridge steps. This was a surprising and serious limitation of its usefulness.
Following the abandonment of the locomotive hauled tramway, most internal works transport at Crewe has been provided by petrol/diesel-engined, rubber tyred, tractors and trailers.
Locomotives
| Name | Builder | Wheel arrangement | Date | Works number | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tiny | LNWR | 0-4-0ST | 1862 | The first of a class of five very similar engines to the design of John Ramsbottom John Ramsbottom (engineer) John Ramsbottom was an English mechanical engineer who created many inventions for railways, including the piston ring, the Ramsbottom safety valve, the displacement lubricator, and the water trough.- Biography :... . Withdrawn 1928; scrapped 1928 |
|
| Pet | LNWR | 0-4-0ST | 1865 | Withdrawn 1929; preserved at the National Railway Museum National Railway Museum The National Railway Museum is a museum in York forming part of the British National Museum of Science and Industry and telling the story of rail transport in Britain and its impact on society. It has won many awards, including the European Museum of the Year Award in 2001... , York York York is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence... |
|
| Nipper | LNWR | 0-4-0ST | 1867 | Withdrawn 1929; scrapped 1931. The cutting up of "Nipper", "Topsy", "Midge", and "Dicky" (sic) was authorised by Captain H. P. M. Beames on September 21, 1929. | |
| Topsy | LNWR | 0-4-0ST | 1867 | Withdrawn 1929; scrapped 1931 | |
| Midge | LNWR | 0-4-0ST | 1872 | Withdrawn 1929; scrapped 1931 | |
| Billy | LNWR | 0-4-0T | 1875 | The first of a pair of radically different engines to the design of Frank Webb Francis Webb (engineer) Francis William Webb was a British engineer responsible for the design and manufacture of locomotives for the London and North Western Railway .- Biography :... . Withdrawn 1931; sold to Cashmore's of Great Bridge, West Midlands Great Bridge, West Midlands Great Bridge is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell. It is situated in Tipton, near the border of West Bromwich, and it is within the metropolitan county of the West Midlands.-Origins and history:... |
|
| Dickie | LNWR | 0-4-0T | 1876 | Withdrawn 1929; scrapped 1931 | |
| Crewe | Hudswell Clarke Hudswell Clarke Hudswell, Clarke and Company Limited was an engineering and locomotive building company in Jack Lane, Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.-History:... |
4wDM | 1930 | D563 | The first diesel locomotive built for the LMS. Transferred to the Horwich Works Horwich Works Horwich Works was a railway works built in 1886 by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in Horwich, near Bolton, in the North West of England when the company moved from its original works at Miles Platting, Manchester.-Buildings:... when the Crewe railway closed in 1932 |