Cottonera Lines
Encyclopedia
The Cottonera Lines are a massive line of fortifications surrounding the Three Cities
of Vittoriosa, Senglea
, and Cospicua
, in Malta
. They are entirely built on four of the Bormla (Cospicua) hills. Grand Master Cottoner is still inked to Bormla with his surname's coat-of-arms now depicted in the emblem of the Bormla Local Council. They were designed by Italian
engineer Antonio Maurizio Valperga in the 17th Century, and named after Grand Master Nicolau Cotoner
.
Three Cities
The Three Cities is a collective description of the three fortified cities of Cospicua, Vittoriosa, and Senglea on the Island of Malta, which are enclosed by the massive line of fortification created by the Knights of St John, the Cottonera Lines....
of Vittoriosa, Senglea
Senglea
Senglea is a fortified city in the east of Malta, mainly in the Grand Harbour area. It is one of the Three Cities in the east of Malta, the other two being Cospicua and Vittoriosa. The city of Senglea is also called Civitas Invicta, because it managed to resist the Ottoman invasion at the Great...
, and Cospicua
Cospicua
Ċittà Cottonera, Ċittà Cospicua, Cospicua is a double-fortified harbour city on the Mediterranean island of Malta. It is the largest of the Three Cities. It was also given a title as Citta' Cottonera, but erroneously the title is now used to define the whole region...
, in Malta
Malta
Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
. They are entirely built on four of the Bormla (Cospicua) hills. Grand Master Cottoner is still inked to Bormla with his surname's coat-of-arms now depicted in the emblem of the Bormla Local Council. They were designed by Italian
Italian people
The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
engineer Antonio Maurizio Valperga in the 17th Century, and named after Grand Master Nicolau Cotoner
Nicolas Cotoner
Fra' Nicolas Cotoner was the 61st Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta, between 1663 and 1680...
.