Conjugation of regular Catalan verbs

Conjugation of regular Catalan verbs.

This is a supplement to the main article on Catalan grammar
Catalan grammar
Catalan grammar is the grammar of the Catalan language.-Noun phrases:In Catalan, all nouns have either masculine or feminine grammatical gender: e.g...

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MODELS FOR THE CONJUGATION OF REGULAR CATALAN VERBS MODELS PER A LA CONJUGACIÓ DELS VERBS REGULARS EN CATALÀ
PRONOUNS PRONOMS (7)	FIRST CONJUGATION PRIMERA CONJUGACIÓ	SECOND CONJUGATION SEGONA CONJUGACIÓ	THIRD CONJUGATION TERCERA CONJUGACIÓ
SIMPLE TENSES - TEMPS SIMPLES
INFINITIVE - INFINITIU
	cant-ar (1)	perd-re, tém-er	sent-ir, acolor-ir
GERUND - GERUNDI
	cant-ant	perd-ent, tem-ent	sent-int, acolor-int
PARTICIPLE - PARTICIPI (6)
	cant-at	perd-ut, tem-ut	sent-it, acolor-it
INDICATIVE - INDICATIU
Present - Present
jo	cant-o	perd-o, tem-o	sent-o, acolor-eix-o (3)
tu	cant-es	perd-s, tem-s	sent-s, acolor-eix-es
ell/ella/vostè	cant-a	perd, tem	sent, acolor-eix
nosaltres	cant-em	perd-em, tem-em	sent-im, acolor-im
vosaltres	cant-eu	perd-eu, tem-eu	sent-iu, acolor-iu
ells/elles/vostès	cant-en	perd-en, tem-en	sent-en, acolor-eix-en
Imperfect - Imperfet
jo	cant-av-a	perd-i-a, tem-i-a	sent-i-a, acolor-i-a
tu	cant-av-es	perd-i-es, tem-i-es	sent-i-es, acolor-i-es
ell/ella/vostè	cant-av-a	perd-i-a, tem-i-a	sent-i-a, acolor-i-a
nosaltres	cant-àv-em	perd-í-em, tem-í-em	sent-í-em, acolor-í-em
vosaltres	cant-àv-eu	perd-í-eu, tem-í-eu	sent-í-eu, acolor-í-eu
ells/elles/vostès	cant-av-en	perd-i-en, tem-i-en	sent-i-en, acolor-i-en
Past - Passat (4)
jo	cant-í	perd-í, tem-í	sent-í, acolor-í
tu	cant-a-res	perd-e-res, tem-e-res	sent-i-res, acolor-i-res
ell/ella/vostè	cant-à	perd-é, tem-é	sent-í, acolor-í
nosaltres	cant-à-rem	perd-é-rem, tem-é-rem	sent-í-rem, acolor-í-rem
vosaltres	cant-à-reu	perd-é-reu, tem-é-reu	sent-í-reu, acolor-í-reu
ells/elles/vostès	cant-a-ren	perd-e-ren, tem-e-ren	sent-i-ren, acolor-i-ren
Future - Futur
jo	cant-ar-é	perd-r-é (5), tem-er-é	sent-ir-é, acolor-ir-é
tu	cant-ar-às	perd-r-às, tem-er-às	sent-ir-às, acolor-ir-às
ell/ella/vostè	cant-ar-à	perd-r-à, tem-er-à	sent-ir-à, acolor-ir-à
nosaltres	cant-ar-em	perd-r-em, tem-er-em	sent-ir-em, acolor-ir-em
vosaltres	cant-ar-eu	perd-r-eu, tem-er-eu	sent-ir-eu, acolor-ir-eu
ells/elles/vostès	cant-ar-an	perd-r-an, tem-er-an	sent-ir-an, acolor-ir-an
CONDITIONAL - CONDICIONAL
jo	cant-ar-ia	perd-r-ia (5), tem-er-ia	sent-ir-ia, acolor-ir-ia
tu	cant-ar-ies	perd-r-ies, tem-er-ies	sent-ir-ies, acolor-ir-ies
ell/ella/vostè	cant-ar-ia	perd-r-ia, tem-er-ia	sent-ir-ia, acolor-ir-ia
nosaltres	cant-ar-íem	perd-r-íem, tem-er-íem	sent-ir-íem, acolor-ir-íem
vosaltres	cant-ar-íeu	perd-r-íeu, tem-er-íeu	sent-ir-íeu, acolor-ir-íeu
ells/elles/vostès	cant-ar-ien	perd-r-ien, tem-er-ien	sent-ir-ien, acolor-ir-ien
SUBJUNCTIVE - SUBJUNTIU
Present - Present
jo	cant-i	perd-i, tem-i	sent-i, acolor-eix-i (3)
tu	cant-is	perd-is, tem-is	sent-is, acolor-eix-is
ell/ella/vostè	cant-i	perd-i, tem-i	sent-i, acolor-eix-i
nosaltres	cant-em	perd-em, tem-em	sent-im, acolor-im
vosaltres	cant-eu	perd-eu, tem-eu	sent-iu, acolor-iu
ells/elles/vostès	cant-in	perd-in, tem-in	sent-in, acolor-eix-in
Imperfect - Imperfet
jo	cant-és	perd-és, tem-és	sent-ís, acolor-ís
tu	cant-ess-is	perd-ess-is, tem-ess-is	sent-iss-is, acolor-iss-is
ell/ella/vostè	cant-és	perd-és, tem-és	sent-ís, acolor-ís
nosaltres	cant-éss-im	perd-éss-im, tem-éss-im	sent-íss-im, acolor-íss-im
vosaltres	cant-éss-iu	perd-éss-iu, tem-éss-iu	sent-íss-iu, acolor-íss-iu
ells/elles/vostès	cant-ess-in	perd-ess-in, tem-ess-in	sent-iss-in, acolor-iss-in
IMPERATIVE - IMPERATIU
tu	cant-a	perd, tem	sent, acolor-eix (3)
vostè	cant-i	perd-i, tem-i	sent-i, acolor-eix-i
nosaltres	cant-em	perd-em, tem-em	sent-im, acolor-im
vosaltres	cant-eu	perd-eu, tem-eu	sent-iu, acolor-iu
vostès	cant-in	perd-in, tem-in	sent-in, acolor-eix-in
COMPOSITE TENSES - TEMPS COMPOSTOS
INFINITIVE PERFECT - INFINITIU PERFET
	haver cantat	haver perdut, haver temut	haver sentit, haver acolorit
GERUND PERFECT - GERUNDI PERFET
	havent cantat	havent perdut, havent temut	havent sentit, havent acolorit
INDICATIVE - INDICATIU
Perfect - Perfet
jo	he cantat	he perdut, he temut	he sentit, he acolorit
...	...	...	...
Pluperfect - Plusquamperfet
jo	havia cantat	havia perdut, havia temut	havia sentit, havia acolorit
...	...	...	...
Past Anterior - Passat Anterior (4)
jo	haguí cantat	haguí perdut, haguí temut	haguí sentit, haguí acolorit
...	...	...	...
Periphrastic Past - Passat Perifràstic (4)
jo	vaig cantar	vaig perdre, vaig témer	vaig sentir, vaig acolorir
tu	vas cantar	vas perdre, vas témer	vas sentir, vas acolorir
ell/ella/vostè	va cantar	va perdre, va témer	va sentir, va acolorir
nosaltres	vam cantar	vam perdre, vam témer	vam sentir, vam acolorir
vosaltres	vau cantar	vau perdre, vau témer	vau sentir, vau acolorir
ells/elles/vostès	van cantar	van perdre, van témer	van sentir, van acolorir
Periphrastic Past Anterior - Passat Anterior Perifràstic (4)
jo	vaig haver cantat	vaig haver perdut, vaig haver temut	vaig haver sentir, vaig haver acolorit
...	...	...	...
Future Perfect - Futur Perfet
jo	hauré cantat	hauré perdut, hauré temut	hauré sentit, hauré acolorit
...	...	...	...
CONDITIONAL - CONDICIONAL
Conditional Perfect - Condicional Perfet
jo	hauria cantat	hauria perdut, hauria temut	hauria sentit, hauria acolorit
...	...	...	...
SUBJUNCTIVE - SUBJUNTIU
Periphrastic Past - Passat Perifràstic (4)
jo	vagi cantar	vagi perdre, vagi témer	vagi sentir, vagi acolorir
tu	vagis cantar	vagis perdre, vagis témer	vagis sentir, vagis acolorir
ell/ella/vostè	vagi cantar	vagi perdre, vagi témer	vagi sentir, vagi acolorir
nosaltres	vàgim cantar	vàgim perdre, vàgim témer	vàgim sentir, vàgim acolorir
vosaltres	vàgiu cantar	vàgiu perdre, vàgiu témer	vàgiu sentir, vàgiu acolorir
ells/elles/vostès	vagin cantar	vagin perdre, vagin témer	vagin sentir, vagin acolorir
Perfect - Perfect
jo	hagi cantat	hagi perdut, hagi temut	hagi sentit, hagi acolorit
...	...	...	...
Pluperfect - Plusquamperfet
jo	hagués cantat	hagués perdut, hagués temut	hagués sentit, hagués acolorit
...	...	...	...
Periphrastic Past Anterior - Passat Anterior Perifràstic (4)
jo	vagi haver cantat	vagi haver perdut, vagi haver temut	vagi haver sentit, vagi haver acolorit
...	...	...	...

(1) Division with a hyphen in each of the forms indicates the root or "lexeme
Lexeme
A lexeme is an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics, that roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word. For example, in the English language, run, runs, ran and running are forms of the same lexeme, conventionally written as RUN...

", the portion specific to the particular conjugation, and the ending (known in Catalan as the "desinènci", a word most often seen in the plural "desinències").
(2) When verbs of the first conjugation have roots that end in c, ç, g, j, gu, or qu before endings that begin with e or i, there is an orthographic alteration to qu, c, gu, g, gü, and qü, respectively. For example:
- "tancar"
  > "tanques"
- "caçar" > "caces"
- "furgar"
  > "furgues"
- "rajar" > "rages"
- "obliquar" > "obliqües"
(3) The infix -eix- is found in the majority of third-conjugation verbs. Such verbs are known as "verbs incoatius". The third person singular and the third person plural of the present indicative, the subjunctive, and the imperative affix -eix- between the root (lexeme) and the morpheme
Morpheme
In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest semantically meaningful unit in a language. The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word,...

(or grameme) that constitutes the ending. This pattern is so nearly universal that it is possible to list the exceptions explicitly: "ajupir", "bullir", "collir", "cosir", "cruixir", "dormir", "eixir", "escopir", "esmunyir", "fugir", "grunyir", "morir", "munyir", "obrir", "omplir", "pruir", "pudir", "retrunyir", "sentir", "sortir", "tenir", "tossir", "venir", and verbs that derive from these by adding prefixes, with the "exceptions to the exception" being "assentir" and "dissentir", which have the -eix- infix. "Mentir", "consumir", "resumir", and "brunzir" can be conjugated either way, although the form with the -eix- is considered more correct. "Lluir" is conjugated two ways: without -eix- when it is used in the literal sense of "to emit light", with -eix- when it us used figuratively: "to look good", "to show off", or "to be successful".
(4) The past, also known as the preterite, is rarely used in the spoken and written language and the same applies for the past anterior in both indicative and subjunctive moods (because it has the past form of haver in the composite form). In the modern language, the periphrastic past and the periphrastic past anterior replace the past and the past anterior. The main auxiliary verb is anar, but one must pay attention that it is conjugated in a slightly different way than the actual anar (a non-auxiliary verb expressing the meaning to go).
(5) Verbs whose infinitives end in re omit the last vowel in the future and the conditional conjugations, immediately before the suffixed desinències.
(6) The participle must match the noun in grammatical gender
Grammatical gender
Grammatical gender is defined linguistically as a system of classes of nouns which trigger specific types of inflections in associated words, such as adjectives, verbs and others. For a system of noun classes to be a gender system, every noun must belong to one of the classes and there should be...

(masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural).
(7) The pronouns are omitted in the spoken and written language, except only where to clear up the ambiguity and that is usually when the conjugated verbs look similar (ex.: the conjugated first and third person singulars in the imperfect). The pronouns may also be used to empathize the verbs. In this list, the pronouns only serve as a guide for each grammatical person.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

> "tanques"

> "furgues"