Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System
Overview
 
The Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (often abbreviated CAPPS) is a counter-terrorism
Counter-terrorism
Counter-terrorism is the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, police departments and corporations adopt to prevent or in response to terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed.The tactic of terrorism is available to insurgents and governments...

 system in place in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 air travel industry. The United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 Transportation Security Administration
Transportation Security Administration
The Transportation Security Administration is an agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security that exercises authority over the safety and security of the traveling public in the United States....

 (TSA) maintains a watchlist, pursuant to 49 USC § 114 (h)(2), of "individuals known to pose, or suspected of posing, a risk of air piracy or terrorism or a threat to airline or passenger safety." The list is used to pre-emptively identify terrorists
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...

 attempting to buy plane tickets or board planes traveling in the United States, and to mitigate perceived threats.
CAPPS systems rely on what is known as a Passenger Name Record
Passenger Name Record
In the travel industry, a passenger name record is a record in the database of a computer reservation system that contains the itinerary for a passenger, or a group of passengers traveling together...

, often abbreviated PNR.
 
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