Comprehensive Peace Accord
Encyclopedia
The Comprehensive Peace Accord (or CPA) (Nepali
: बिस्तृत शान्ति सम्झौता) was signed between the Government of Nepal
and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) on November 21, 2006 which formally ended the Nepalese People's War that lasted for more than decade. Then Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala
and Maoist supremo Prachanda
signed the deal, which allowed the Maoists to take part in government, and places their weapons under UN monitoring.
(UNMIN). Equal number of arms of Nepal Army
has also been put in and guarded by UNMIN.
But still National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission, Truth Commission, and a high-level Commission for State Restructuring hasn't been formed. Still properties confiscated by Maoists haven't been fully returned.
There's been disagreement between Maoists and other parties on issues of Integration of Maoist army into Nepal army. Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal
is saying that the Maoist army will be rehabilitated and integrated into Nepal Army but key coalition partners of government Nepali Congress
and Madhesi Janadhikar Forum are vehemently opposed to the idea. Even Defence Minister Bidhya Devi Bhandari is strongly against the deal.
After second round of verification, 4008 verified minor and late recruits were released from cantonments beginning from January 2010. Among the released 4008 ex-combatants from 7 main camps and other 21 satellite camps located at various parts of the country, 2,973 were verified minors (whom were under 18 when the peace deal was signed on November 21, 2006) and 1035 were late recruits (recruited after November 21, 2006.
United Nations is providing 4 types of rehabilitation packages for released ex-combatants which includes vocational training, sponsor school education, health education training and support small business initiatives. Researches are being done to indentify how private sector could support rehabilitation program and help in consolidating peace.
Nepali language
Nepali or Nepalese is a language in the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.It is the official language and de facto lingua franca of Nepal and is also spoken in Bhutan, parts of India and parts of Myanmar...
: बिस्तृत शान्ति सम्झौता) was signed between the Government of Nepal
Government of Nepal
The Government of Nepal, or Nepal Government, is the executive body and the Central government of Nepal. Prior to the abolition of Monarchy in Nepal, was officially known as His Majesty's Government....
and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) on November 21, 2006 which formally ended the Nepalese People's War that lasted for more than decade. Then Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala
Girija Prasad Koirala
Girija Prasad Koirala was a Nepalese politician and the President of the Nepali Congress, a major political party. He was Prime Minister of Nepal for four times, serving from 1991 to 1994, 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001, and from 2006 to 2008; he was also Acting Head of State from January 2007 to July...
and Maoist supremo Prachanda
Prachanda
Puspa Kamal Dahal ; born Chhabilal Dahal on 11 December 1954, also known as Prachanda ]]. Prachanda led CPN as it launched an insurgency on 13 February 1996. In 2008 the ensuing civil war culminated in the overthrow of the Shah dynasty in favor of a communist...
signed the deal, which allowed the Maoists to take part in government, and places their weapons under UN monitoring.
Highlights of the peace accord
- Formal end of the Nepalese People's War that began in 1996.
- People's Liberation Army of Maoists to be put in temporary cantonments and verified. Likewise Nepal army to be confined within the barracks. PLA are to be supervised, rehabilitated, integrated. Maoist army and Nepal Army and their arms to be managed as per the earlier agreement reached between the government and the Maoists
- King to be stripped of political rights and his property to be nationalized under public trusts.
- Strict implementation all previous pacts/agreements reached between the government and Maoists.
- Termination of the military action and the armed mobilization. Both sides to stop attacks or any kind of violent and offensive activities from either side; no new recruitment in armed forces of both sides and no transportation of arms and ammunition and explosives.
- Both sides to fully commit themselves to uphold human rights, all international human rights laws, civil liberties
- Scrapping of Maoists' parallel administration (People's governments, People's Courts) across the country.
- OHCHR-Nepal to monitor human rights situation, and UNMIN to monitor and supervise PLA cantonments and Nepal Army barracks
- Formation of National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission, Truth Commission, and a high-level Commission for State Restructuring.
- Both sides to assist each other to maintain law, peace, law and order
- Respectful rehabilitation and social integration of the people displaced during the insurgency
- End to Feudal land-ownership system, Scientific land distribution system to be adopted
- Strong punitive policy to curb corruption and Property earned illegally through corruption to be confiscated
- Possession, display and use of arms and weapons by anybody a punishable crime
Implementation
CPA's implementation has been topic of debate over the years. Maoist's army has been confined within the temporary cantonments and are verified and monitored by the United Nations (UNMIN). Their arms has been locked in the cantonment and guarded by United Nations Mission in NepalUnited Nations Mission in Nepal
Following the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed on 21 November 2006 between the Government of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal at the end of the Nepalese Civil War, the United Nations received a request for assistance, and established the political mission United Nations Mission in Nepal ...
(UNMIN). Equal number of arms of Nepal Army
Nepal Army
The Nepalese Army is the army of Nepal and a major component of the Military of Nepal. The NA includes the Nepalese Army Air Service and is considered to be superior to Nepalese Police Force. Service is voluntary and the minimum age for enrollment is 18 years...
has also been put in and guarded by UNMIN.
But still National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission, Truth Commission, and a high-level Commission for State Restructuring hasn't been formed. Still properties confiscated by Maoists haven't been fully returned.
There's been disagreement between Maoists and other parties on issues of Integration of Maoist army into Nepal army. Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal
Madhav Kumar Nepal
Madhav Kumar Nepal is a Nepali politician who was Prime Minister of Nepal from May 25, 2009 until February 6, 2011. He was nominated as a PM through internal arrangements within the current ruling coaliation government of Nepal. Nepal announced his resignation as Prime Minister on June 30, 2010...
is saying that the Maoist army will be rehabilitated and integrated into Nepal Army but key coalition partners of government Nepali Congress
Nepali Congress
The Nepali Congress is a Nepalese political party. Nepali Congress led the 1950 Democratic Movement which successfully ended the Rana dynasty and allowed commoners to take part in the polity. It again led a democratic movement in 1990, in partnership with leftist forces, to end monarchy and...
and Madhesi Janadhikar Forum are vehemently opposed to the idea. Even Defence Minister Bidhya Devi Bhandari is strongly against the deal.
After second round of verification, 4008 verified minor and late recruits were released from cantonments beginning from January 2010. Among the released 4008 ex-combatants from 7 main camps and other 21 satellite camps located at various parts of the country, 2,973 were verified minors (whom were under 18 when the peace deal was signed on November 21, 2006) and 1035 were late recruits (recruited after November 21, 2006.
United Nations is providing 4 types of rehabilitation packages for released ex-combatants which includes vocational training, sponsor school education, health education training and support small business initiatives. Researches are being done to indentify how private sector could support rehabilitation program and help in consolidating peace.