Compensatory Education
Encyclopedia
Compensatory education offers supplementary programs or services designed to help children at risk of cognitive impairment and low educational achievement reach their full potential.
disabilities and developmental delays. Poor children score between 6 and 13 points lower on various standardized tests of IQ, verbal ability, and achievement.Poverty also has a negative impact on high-school graduation and college attendance.
Children raised by a single parent, children who have more than two siblings, children by teenaged parents
and children raised in poverty-stricken neighbourhoods are also at risk of low academic achievement.
, Abecedarian Early Intervention Project
, SMART (Start Making a Reader Today)
, the Milwaukee Project
and the 21st Century Community Learning Centers. In Germany and Great Britain Early Excellence Centres are widely discussed programs of compensatory education. Not all of that programs have been proven to be effective. However scientist were able to identify social programmes that work.Among these are the High/Scope
Perry Preschool Project, the Abecedarian Project, and SMART.
holds the opinion that compensatory education does not work. In their controversial book The Bell Curve
, Richard Herrnstein
and Charles Murray (author)
put forth the same opinion. The book has been criticized by many scientists.
Children at risk
Children growing up poor have lower academic outcomes than their well-off peers. They are more likely to experience learningdisabilities and developmental delays. Poor children score between 6 and 13 points lower on various standardized tests of IQ, verbal ability, and achievement.Poverty also has a negative impact on high-school graduation and college attendance.
Children raised by a single parent, children who have more than two siblings, children by teenaged parents
Teenage pregnancy
Teenage pregnancy is a pregnancy of a female under the age of 20 when the pregnancy ends. It generally refers to a female who is unmarried and usually refers to an unplanned pregnancy...
and children raised in poverty-stricken neighbourhoods are also at risk of low academic achievement.
How to help these children
Numerous programs have been created in order to help children and youth at risk reach their full potential. Among the American programs of compensary education are Head Start, the Chicago Child-Parent Center Program, High/ScopeHigh/Scope
The HighScope early childhood education approach, used in preschool, kindergarten, childcare, or elementary school settings, was developed in the United States in the 1960s. It is now common there and in some other countries....
, Abecedarian Early Intervention Project
Abecedarian Early Intervention Project
The Carolina Abecedarian Project was a controlled experiment that was conducted in 1972 in North Carolina, United States, by the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute to study the potential benefits of early childhood education for poor children to enhance school readiness...
, SMART (Start Making a Reader Today)
Start Making A Reader Today
Start Making A Reader Today is a non-profit volunteer-driven tutoring program local to Oregon for at-risk K-3 readers. SMART was developed by Neil Goldschmidt in 1992...
, the Milwaukee Project
Milwaukee Project
The Milwaukee Project was a program begun in the 1960s designed to improve the IQs and scholastic achievement of children at risk and to study the effects of intellectual stimulation on children from deprived environments.-Children from deprived environments:...
and the 21st Century Community Learning Centers. In Germany and Great Britain Early Excellence Centres are widely discussed programs of compensatory education. Not all of that programs have been proven to be effective. However scientist were able to identify social programmes that work.Among these are the High/Scope
High/Scope
The HighScope early childhood education approach, used in preschool, kindergarten, childcare, or elementary school settings, was developed in the United States in the 1960s. It is now common there and in some other countries....
Perry Preschool Project, the Abecedarian Project, and SMART.
Jensenism
Jensenism is the belief that an individual's IQ is largely due to heredity, including racial heritage. Arthur JensenArthur Jensen
Arthur Robert Jensen is a Professor Emeritus of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen is known for his work in psychometrics and differential psychology, which is concerned with how and why individuals differ behaviorally from one another.He is a major proponent...
holds the opinion that compensatory education does not work. In their controversial book The Bell Curve
The Bell Curve
The Bell Curve is a best-selling and controversial 1994 book by the Harvard psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and political scientist Charles Murray...
, Richard Herrnstein
Richard Herrnstein
Richard J. Herrnstein was an American researcher in animal learning in the Skinnerian tradition. He was one of the founders of quantitative analysis of behavior....
and Charles Murray (author)
Charles Murray (author)
Charles Alan Murray is an American libertarian political scientist, author, columnist, and pundit working as a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank in Washington, DC...
put forth the same opinion. The book has been criticized by many scientists.