Coenzyme F420
Encyclopedia
Coenzyme F420 or 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin is a coenzyme involved in redox
reactions in methanogen
s , in many Actinobacteria
, and sporadically in other bacterial lineages. It is a flavin derivative. The coenzyme is a substrate for coenzyme F420 hydrogenase
, 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
and methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
.
A particularly rich natural source of F420 is Mycobacterium smegmatis
, in which several dozen enzymes use F420 instead of the related cofactor FMN
used by homologous enzymes in most other species .
Redox
Redox reactions describe all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed....
reactions in methanogen
Methanogen
Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. They are classified as archaea, a group quite distinct from bacteria...
s , in many Actinobacteria
Actinobacteria
Actinobacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. Actinobacteria is one of the dominant phyla of the bacteria....
, and sporadically in other bacterial lineages. It is a flavin derivative. The coenzyme is a substrate for coenzyme F420 hydrogenase
Coenzyme F420 hydrogenase
In enzymology, a coenzyme F420 hydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are H2 and coenzyme F420, whereas its product is reduced coenzyme F420....
, 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
In enzymology, a 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin and coenzyme F420, whereas its two products are 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin and reduced coenzyme...
and methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
Methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin and coenzyme F420, whereas its two products are 5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin and reduced...
.
A particularly rich natural source of F420 is Mycobacterium smegmatis
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Mycobacterium smegmatis is 3.0 to 5.0 µm long with a bacillus shape, an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinobacteria. It can be stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent method. It was first reported in November 1884 by Lustgarten, who found a bacillus...
, in which several dozen enzymes use F420 instead of the related cofactor FMN
FMN
FMN may refer to several things:* Flavin mononucleotide.* Forsvarsministeriet, the Danish Ministry of Defence.* Four Corners Regional Airport outside Farmington, New Mexico, its IATA airport code.* Fluid Music....
used by homologous enzymes in most other species .