Clione antarctica
Encyclopedia
Clione antarctica is a species of a pelagic marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

 gastropod mollusks in the family Clionidae
Clionidae
Clionidae is a family of sea angels, which are a group of pelagic marine gastropods.They are shaped a little like angels, and have flapping "wings", hence their common name. They are gelatinous, mostly transparent pteropods, and they only have shells in their embryonic stage...

.

Distribution

Distribution of Clione antarctica include Southern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
The Southern Hemisphere is the part of Earth that lies south of the equator. The word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' or "half sphere"...

 in polar waters of Antarctica.

Ecology

This species is an important component of polar ecosystem
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving , physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight....

s.

Prey:
  • Limacina antarctica
    Limacina antarctica
    Limacina antarctica is a species of swimming sea snail in the family Limacinidae, which belong to the group commonly known as sea butterflies ....



Clione antarctica have large lipid storage up to 5% of its wet mass. It can survive without food only from its lipid storage reserves for about six months.

Clione antarctica lays eggs at spring.

It is eaten itself by the medusa
Medusa (biology)
In biology, a medusa is a form of cnidarian in which the body is shaped like an umbrella, in contrast with polyps. Medusae vary from bell-shaped to the shape of a thin disk, scarcely convex above and only slightly concave below...

 Diplulmaris antarctica
Diplulmaris antarctica
Diplulmaris antarctica is a species of jellyfish in the family Ulmaridae.-Distribution:This species is found in Antarctica including the Antarctic Peninsula in continental shelf waters near the surface.-Description:...

.

It defends itself from predators by synthesizing an ichthyodeterrent (= deterring fishes) compound, a previously unknown molecule, named pteroenone. It acts as guest for the hyperiid amphipod
Amphipoda
Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. The name amphipoda means "different-footed", and refers to the different forms of appendages, unlike isopods, where all the legs are alike. Of the 7,000 species, 5,500 are classified...

 Hyperiella dilatata, which takes advantage of the protection offered.

External links

  • Bryan P. J., Yoshida W. Y., McClintock J. B. & Baker B. J. (1995). "Ecological role for pteroenone, a novel antifeedant from the conspicuous antarctic pteropod Clione antarctica (Gymnosomata: Gastropoda)". Marine Biology 122: 271-277.
  • Gilmer R. W. & Lalli C. M. (1990). "Bipolar variation in Clione, a gymnosomatous pteropod". Am. Malacol. Union Bull. 8(1): 67-75.
  • Nakamura Y, Kiyota H., Baker B. J. & Kuwahara S. (2005). "First Synthesis of (+)-Pteroenone: A Defensive Metabolite of the Abducted Antarctic Pteropod Clione antarctica." ChemInform 36(32). doi:10.1002/chin.200532193.
  • Yoshida W. Y., Bryan P. J., Baker B. J. & McClintock J. B. (1995). "Pteroenone: A Defensive Metabolite of the Abducted Antarctic Pteropod Clione antarctica". Journal of Organic Chemistry
    Journal of Organic Chemistry
    The Journal of Organic Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal for original contributions of fundamental research in organic and bioorganic chemistry. It is published by the American Chemical Society. Its 2010 impact factor is 4.002....

    60: 780-782. doi:10.1002/chin.199529325.
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK