Cleveland, Texas
Encyclopedia
Cleveland is a city in Liberty County
, Texas
, United States
. The population was 7,605 at the 2000 census.
) for use as a stop, requesting that the town be named for him.
Since 1900 Cleveland has served as the junction of this line (now the Southern Pacific) and the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe (now the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe). The town was not incorporated until 1935. The forests around Cleveland, including Sam Houston National Forest, which is located just to its north, are a resort for many inhabitants of the Houston area, who come to camp, hike, hunt, and fish. Cleveland has several historic sites and public recreational facilities, including two parks. The Austin Memorial Library Center offers a wide range of services to the community, and a Little Theater and annual rodeo provide entertainment. Commercially, Cleveland has been a shipping point for timber, lumber, and lumber byproducts since the 1870s. Oil, gas, cattle, farm products, and sand and gravel are important to the town's economy. The general trend toward urbanization of the entire area is reflected by the fact that in 1965 Liberty County was added to the Houston Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of Cleveland grew from 1,200 in 1930 to 5,977 in 1980.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12.4 km²), all of it land.
Cleveland is made up of ZIP codes 77327 and 77328, and area code (281).
Cleveland's northern boundary is made by the Sam Houston National Forest
.
As of the census
of 2000, there were 7,605 people, 2,645 households, and 1,758 families residing in the city. The population density
was 1,580.5 people per square mile (610.5/km²). There were 2,976 housing units at an average density of 618.5 per square mile (238.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 58.65% White, 27.13% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 11.58% from other races
, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.51% of the population.
There were 2,645 households out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples
living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.27.
In the city, the population was spread out with 27.4% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,164, and the median income for a family was $28,527. Males had a median income of $28,385 versus $17,889 for females. The per capita income
for the city was $13,562. About 19.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.
, who acts as the chief executive officer of the government. The city manager carries out policy and administers city programs. All department heads, including the city attorney, police chief and fire chief, are ultimately responsible to the city manager. All city council positions are officially nonpartisan.
The city operates and maintains the following divisions:
The Cleveland Unit
, a prison for men privately operated by the GEO Group, Inc. on behalf of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice
, is in the city, 0.25 mile (0.402335 km) from downtown Cleveland.
to the cities of Livingston
, Lufkin, and Nacogdoches, and onward to Texarkana, Texas
. US 59 is planned to be changed into the I-69 Corridor. U.S. Highway 59 Business is the original route of US 59, which runs north and south through the center of Cleveland, known locally as Washington Avenue and Loop 573. A current limited access bypass for US 59 was created due to traffic densities in downtown Cleveland that rivaled those of many large cities. SH 105
travels east and west, and Cleveland is roughly the halfway point between Beaumont
and Navasota. SH 105
runs concurrently with SH 321
until SH 105 splits, going eastbound to Beaumont
; while SH 321 continues roughly 20 miles (32.2 km) further south into Dayton
. Short term future plans include a loop coming off SH 105 near Pin Oak Road, along the southern side of Cleveland, crossing US 59 and FM 1010, and terminating at SH 321 near New Salem Road.
west towards Conroe
. Union Tank Car Company
has a tank repair/maintenance facility along the BNSF line on the outskirts of Cleveland off of FM 787.
, a general aviation
airport, is in Cleveland.
George Bush Intercontinental Airport
in Houston is the closest airport with commercial airline service.
.
The Tarkington Independent School District
also serves the area.
Liberty County, Texas
Liberty County is a county located in Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 75,643. Its county seat is Liberty.-Geography:According to the U.S...
, Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The population was 7,605 at the 2000 census.
History
In 1854, a church and convent was built by Father Peter La Cour near the town's present site. The town began forming in 1878 when Charles Lander Cleveland, a local judge, donated 63.6 acres (257,380.3 m²) of land to the Houston East & West Texas Railway (formerly the Southern Pacific RailroadSouthern Pacific Railroad
The Southern Pacific Transportation Company , earlier Southern Pacific Railroad and Southern Pacific Company, and usually simply called the Southern Pacific or Espee, was an American railroad....
) for use as a stop, requesting that the town be named for him.
Since 1900 Cleveland has served as the junction of this line (now the Southern Pacific) and the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe (now the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe). The town was not incorporated until 1935. The forests around Cleveland, including Sam Houston National Forest, which is located just to its north, are a resort for many inhabitants of the Houston area, who come to camp, hike, hunt, and fish. Cleveland has several historic sites and public recreational facilities, including two parks. The Austin Memorial Library Center offers a wide range of services to the community, and a Little Theater and annual rodeo provide entertainment. Commercially, Cleveland has been a shipping point for timber, lumber, and lumber byproducts since the 1870s. Oil, gas, cattle, farm products, and sand and gravel are important to the town's economy. The general trend toward urbanization of the entire area is reflected by the fact that in 1965 Liberty County was added to the Houston Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of Cleveland grew from 1,200 in 1930 to 5,977 in 1980.
Geography
Cleveland is located at 30°20′42"N 95°5′1"W (30.344920, -95.083503).According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the city has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12.4 km²), all of it land.
Cleveland is made up of ZIP codes 77327 and 77328, and area code (281).
Cleveland's northern boundary is made by the Sam Houston National Forest
Sam Houston National Forest
The Sam Houston National Forest, one of four National Forests in Texas, is located 50 miles north of Houston. The forest is administered together with the other three United States National Forests and two National Grasslands located entirely in Texas, from common offices in Lufkin, Texas...
.
Demographics
As of the 2010 census Cleveland had a population of 7,675. The racial and ethnic makeup of the population was 45.7% non-Hispanic white, 23.7% non-Hispanic black, 1.3% Asian, 13.0% some other race, 2.5% from two or more races and 27.8% Hispanic or Latino.As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 7,605 people, 2,645 households, and 1,758 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 1,580.5 people per square mile (610.5/km²). There were 2,976 housing units at an average density of 618.5 per square mile (238.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 58.65% White, 27.13% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 11.58% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.51% of the population.
There were 2,645 households out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.27.
In the city, the population was spread out with 27.4% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,164, and the median income for a family was $28,527. Males had a median income of $28,385 versus $17,889 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the city was $13,562. About 19.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.
Professional Sports
Cleveland has a professional basketball franchise of the American Basketball Association (ABA), Team Havoc.Notable People from Cleveland
- Gib Lewis, a Speaker of the Texas House of RepresentativesSpeaker of the Texas House of RepresentativesThe Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Texas House of Representatives. The Speaker's main duties are to conduct meetings of the House, appoint committees, and enforce the Rules of the House...
, spent his formative years in Cleveland. He graduated from Cleveland High School in 1955 and enrolled at Sam Houston State College ( Sam Houston State UniversitySam Houston State UniversitySam Houston State University was founded in 1879 and is the third oldest public institution of higher learning in the State of Texas. It is located in Huntsville, Texas. It is one of the oldest purpose-built institutions for the instruction of teachers west of the Mississippi River and the first...
) in Huntsville, TexasHuntsville, TexasHuntsville is a city in and the county seat of Walker County, Texas, United States. The population was 35,508 at the 2010 census. It is the center of the Huntsville micropolitan area....
located in East TexasEast TexasEast Texas is a distinct geographic and ecological area in the U.S. state of Texas.According to the Handbook of Texas, the East Texas area "may be separated from the rest of Texas roughly by a line extending from the Red River in north central Lamar County southwestward to east central Limestone...
' Walker CountyWalker County, TexasWalker County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, its population was 67,861. Its county seat is Huntsville.Initially, Walker County was named for Robert J. Walker, a legislator from Mississippi who introduced into the United States Congress the resolution to annex Texas...
. Elected Speaker for the first time in 1983, Lewis became the first to hold that office for five terms. http://www.cah.utexas.edu/projects/speakers_lewis.php - Jason GrimsleyJason GrimsleyJason Alan Grimsley is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher. He made his debut on September 8, , and pitched for the Philadelphia Phillies, Cleveland Indians, Anaheim Angels, New York Yankees, Kansas City Royals, Baltimore Orioles, and most recently, the Arizona Diamondbacks.-Major league...
was born in Cleveland. Jason pitched for the following teams: Philadelphia PhilliesPhiladelphia PhilliesThe Philadelphia Phillies are a Major League Baseball team. They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, dating to 1883. The Phillies are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League...
, Cleveland IndiansCleveland IndiansThe Cleveland Indians are a professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. They are in the Central Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Since , they have played in Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is in Goodyear, Arizona...
, Anaheim AngelsLos Angeles Angels of AnaheimThe Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are a professional baseball team based in Anaheim, California, United States. The Angels are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. The "Angels" name originates from the city in which the team started, Los Angeles...
, New York YankeesNew York YankeesThe New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the The Bronx, New York. They compete in Major League Baseball in the American League's East Division...
, Kansas City RoyalsKansas City RoyalsThe Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Royals are a member of the Central Division of Major League Baseball's American League. From 1973 to the present, the Royals have played in Kauffman Stadium...
, Baltimore OriolesBaltimore OriolesThe Baltimore Orioles are a professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland in the United States. They are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's American League. One of the American League's eight charter franchises in 1901, it spent its first year as a major league...
, and the Arizona DiamondbacksArizona DiamondbacksThe Arizona Diamondbacks are a professional baseball team based in Phoenix. They play in the West Division of Major League Baseball's National League. From 1998 to the present, they have played in Chase Field...
.
Law and government
Cleveland operates under the Council-Manager form of government. Under this system, the Mayor and five Council members appoint the city managerCity manager
A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city, in a council-manager form of city government. Local officials serving in this position are sometimes referred to as the chief executive officer or chief administrative officer in some municipalities...
, who acts as the chief executive officer of the government. The city manager carries out policy and administers city programs. All department heads, including the city attorney, police chief and fire chief, are ultimately responsible to the city manager. All city council positions are officially nonpartisan.
The city operates and maintains the following divisions:
- Administration
- Police
- Fire/EMS
- Water and Sewer Utilities
- Streets
- Building Inspection and Code Enforcement
- Library
- Parks
- Airport
- Cemetery
The Cleveland Unit
Cleveland Unit
The Cleveland Unit is a prison for men in Cleveland, Texas privately operated by the GEO Group on behalf of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice . The approximately facility is north of Downtown Cleveland. The TDCJ refers to the prison as the "Cleveland Unit," while GEO refers to it as the...
, a prison for men privately operated by the GEO Group, Inc. on behalf of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice
Texas Department of Criminal Justice
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice is a department of the government of the state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails and private correctional facilities, funding and certain...
, is in the city, 0.25 mile (0.402335 km) from downtown Cleveland.
Highways
The major route traveling through Cleveland is U.S. Highway 59, traveling southwest towards Houston and north east into East TexasEast Texas
East Texas is a distinct geographic and ecological area in the U.S. state of Texas.According to the Handbook of Texas, the East Texas area "may be separated from the rest of Texas roughly by a line extending from the Red River in north central Lamar County southwestward to east central Limestone...
to the cities of Livingston
Livingston, Texas
Livingston is a town in Polk County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,433 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Polk County. Livingston was settled in 1835 as Springfield. Its name was changed to Livingston and became the county seat of Polk County in 1846.The Alabama-Coushatta...
, Lufkin, and Nacogdoches, and onward to Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States. It effectively functions as one half of a city which crosses a state line — the other half, the city of Texarkana, Arkansas, lies on the other side of State Line Avenue...
. US 59 is planned to be changed into the I-69 Corridor. U.S. Highway 59 Business is the original route of US 59, which runs north and south through the center of Cleveland, known locally as Washington Avenue and Loop 573. A current limited access bypass for US 59 was created due to traffic densities in downtown Cleveland that rivaled those of many large cities. SH 105
State Highway 105 (Texas)
State Highway 105, or SH 105, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas that runs from Brenham to the outskirts of Beaumont. The route was originally proposed in 1933 and took its current routing in 1984.-Route description:...
travels east and west, and Cleveland is roughly the halfway point between Beaumont
Beaumont, Texas
Beaumont is a city in and county seat of Jefferson County, Texas, United States, within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city's population was 118,296 at the 2010 census. With Port Arthur and Orange, it forms the Golden Triangle, a major industrial area on the...
and Navasota. SH 105
State Highway 105 (Texas)
State Highway 105, or SH 105, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas that runs from Brenham to the outskirts of Beaumont. The route was originally proposed in 1933 and took its current routing in 1984.-Route description:...
runs concurrently with SH 321
State Highway 321 (Texas)
State Highway 321, or SH 321, is a north–south highway in southeastern Texas, starting at US 90 in Dayton and ending at Loop 573 in Cleveland.In Cleveland, SH 321 is also known as Houston Street, providing the main street for downtown Cleveland...
until SH 105 splits, going eastbound to Beaumont
Beaumont, Texas
Beaumont is a city in and county seat of Jefferson County, Texas, United States, within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city's population was 118,296 at the 2010 census. With Port Arthur and Orange, it forms the Golden Triangle, a major industrial area on the...
; while SH 321 continues roughly 20 miles (32.2 km) further south into Dayton
Dayton, Texas
Dayton is a city in Liberty County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,242 at the 2010 census.-Geography:According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.-Demographics:...
. Short term future plans include a loop coming off SH 105 near Pin Oak Road, along the southern side of Cleveland, crossing US 59 and FM 1010, and terminating at SH 321 near New Salem Road.
Railroads
Cleveland is the meeting point of two rail lines. One is a north/south Union Pacific line that closely follows the path of US 59. The other is an east/west Burlington Northern Santa Fe line that roughly follows FM 787 to the east, and SH 105State Highway 105 (Texas)
State Highway 105, or SH 105, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas that runs from Brenham to the outskirts of Beaumont. The route was originally proposed in 1933 and took its current routing in 1984.-Route description:...
west towards Conroe
Conroe, Texas
Conroe is a suburban city 40 miles north of Houston in the gulf coastal plains/piney woods region of southeast Texas.It is the seat of Montgomery County and falls within the metropolitan area.As of the 2000 U.S...
. Union Tank Car Company
Union Tank Car Company
Union Tank Car Company or UTLX is a railway equipment leasing company headquartered in metro Chicago, Illinois. As the name says, they specialise in tank cars, and covered hopper cars.Founded in 1866 by J. J...
has a tank repair/maintenance facility along the BNSF line on the outskirts of Cleveland off of FM 787.
Airports
Cleveland Municipal AirportCleveland Municipal Airport (Texas)
Cleveland Municipal Airport is a general aviation airport located 4 miles northeast of Cleveland, Texas, United States.The designated Area Control Center is Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center.-External links:* *...
, a general aviation
General aviation
General aviation is one of the two categories of civil aviation. It refers to all flights other than military and scheduled airline and regular cargo flights, both private and commercial. General aviation flights range from gliders and powered parachutes to large, non-scheduled cargo jet flights...
airport, is in Cleveland.
- Distance—5 miles (8 km); Runway: 5000 feet (1,524 m) asphalt
George Bush Intercontinental Airport
George Bush Intercontinental Airport
George Bush Intercontinental Airport, is a Class B international airport in Houston, Texas, serving the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Located north of Downtown Houston between Interstate 45 and U.S. Highway 59...
in Houston is the closest airport with commercial airline service.
Education
The city of Cleveland is served by the Cleveland Independent School DistrictCleveland Independent School District
Cleveland Independent School District is a public school district based in Cleveland, Texas .In addition to Cleveland, the district serves the cities of North Cleveland and Plum Grove as well as portions of San Jacinto and Montgomery counties....
.
The Tarkington Independent School District
Tarkington Independent School District
Tarkington Independent School District is a public school district in north central Liberty County, Texas . All 4 campuses are located on the same plot of land, with the High School facing County Road 2268, and the other three campus are along Farm to Market Road 163...
also serves the area.
External links
- Cleveland, Texas Municipal Home Page
- Cleveland Advocate Weekly newspaper serving area
- Cleveland's Current Weather - Weather as recorded at the Cleveland Airport